NSG 533 Exam 2: Questions & Answers
when can an individual receive Serum HAV Ig for pre/post exposure
prophylaxis?
(Ans- pre:
- <2 weeks before a trip
- under 2 years old
post:
- up to 2 weeks post-exposure
transmission of HBV
(Ans- mucosal contact with infected blood or body fluid (saliva, semen)
pathophysiology of HBV
(Ans-
exposure to HBV --> cell-medicated immune response in cell nucleus -->
Cytotoxic T cells and NKC are sent to the virus to release inflammatory
cytokines --> initiation of inflammatory response --> HBV infiltrates
hepatocytes and replicates quickly
incubation period for HBV
(Ans- 60-150 days (average 90)
s/s acute HBV
(Ans- general illness (loss of appetite, fever, n/v)
s/s chronic HBV
(Ans- JAPSH
- jaundice
- ascites
- peripheral edema
- spider telangiectasias
,- hepatosplenomegaly
- positive serum test for 6 months
risk factors for HBV
(Ans-
- close contact
- hemodialysis
- IVDU
- tattoos (dye)
abnormal liver enzymes and serological markers for HBV (5)
(Ans-
1. HBsAg (marker of active disease)
2. IgM anti-HBc (recent infection <6months)
3. HBcAb Total (golden ticket for immunity)
4. HBsAb (surface antibody determines immunity from vaccination)
5. HBV DNA PCR Quantitative (viral load - how much viral is in the blood)
treatment of HBV
(Ans-
- medication (Tenofovir, Entacivir)
- PegIFN
- oral meds (only effective in chronic disease, stops viral repetition)
when to treat HBV
(Ans-
- viremia >2000
- fam hx of HCC
, - >40 years old
- ALT elevated more than 2x the upper limit
- liver biopsy
prevention of HBV
(Ans- vaccine, especially in hemodialysis patients
transmission of HCV
(Ans- infected blood
what are 80% of the new cases of HCV due to?
(Ans- PWID (people who inject drugs)
pathophysiology of HCV
(Ans- classified into 7 genotypes and several subtypes (1a and 1b cause
60% of cases)
can be acute or chronic
incubation period of HCV
(Ans- 2-22 weeks
s/s of HCV
(Ans- mostly asymptomatic until irreversible liver damage occurs
abnormal liver enzymes and serologic markers (5)
(Ans-
1. HCV Ab (only determines if you have been exposed)
2. HCV Ab w/ reflex PCR (best lab to order)
3. HCV RNA PCR Quantitative (tests for viral load)
4. HCV Genotype (used to characterize virus after diagnosis)
when can an individual receive Serum HAV Ig for pre/post exposure
prophylaxis?
(Ans- pre:
- <2 weeks before a trip
- under 2 years old
post:
- up to 2 weeks post-exposure
transmission of HBV
(Ans- mucosal contact with infected blood or body fluid (saliva, semen)
pathophysiology of HBV
(Ans-
exposure to HBV --> cell-medicated immune response in cell nucleus -->
Cytotoxic T cells and NKC are sent to the virus to release inflammatory
cytokines --> initiation of inflammatory response --> HBV infiltrates
hepatocytes and replicates quickly
incubation period for HBV
(Ans- 60-150 days (average 90)
s/s acute HBV
(Ans- general illness (loss of appetite, fever, n/v)
s/s chronic HBV
(Ans- JAPSH
- jaundice
- ascites
- peripheral edema
- spider telangiectasias
,- hepatosplenomegaly
- positive serum test for 6 months
risk factors for HBV
(Ans-
- close contact
- hemodialysis
- IVDU
- tattoos (dye)
abnormal liver enzymes and serological markers for HBV (5)
(Ans-
1. HBsAg (marker of active disease)
2. IgM anti-HBc (recent infection <6months)
3. HBcAb Total (golden ticket for immunity)
4. HBsAb (surface antibody determines immunity from vaccination)
5. HBV DNA PCR Quantitative (viral load - how much viral is in the blood)
treatment of HBV
(Ans-
- medication (Tenofovir, Entacivir)
- PegIFN
- oral meds (only effective in chronic disease, stops viral repetition)
when to treat HBV
(Ans-
- viremia >2000
- fam hx of HCC
, - >40 years old
- ALT elevated more than 2x the upper limit
- liver biopsy
prevention of HBV
(Ans- vaccine, especially in hemodialysis patients
transmission of HCV
(Ans- infected blood
what are 80% of the new cases of HCV due to?
(Ans- PWID (people who inject drugs)
pathophysiology of HCV
(Ans- classified into 7 genotypes and several subtypes (1a and 1b cause
60% of cases)
can be acute or chronic
incubation period of HCV
(Ans- 2-22 weeks
s/s of HCV
(Ans- mostly asymptomatic until irreversible liver damage occurs
abnormal liver enzymes and serologic markers (5)
(Ans-
1. HCV Ab (only determines if you have been exposed)
2. HCV Ab w/ reflex PCR (best lab to order)
3. HCV RNA PCR Quantitative (tests for viral load)
4. HCV Genotype (used to characterize virus after diagnosis)
