INTERNAL MEDICINE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Top two causes CRF - ANSWER 1. HTN 2. DM
Prominent A Wave - ANSWER Tricuspid Insufficiency
Canon A Wave - ANSWER Heart Block
Soft P2 - ANSWER Pulmonary Stenosis
2 Causes Webbed Neck - ANSWER 1. Turner's (coarctation) 2. Noonan's (pulm stenosis)
Signs Constrictive Pericarditis - ANSWER 1. X and Y descent 2. Square Root Sign 3. Calcification
Beck's Triad for Cardiac Tamponade - ANSWER 1. Distant Heart Sounds 2. Hypotension 3. JVD
MCC HTN young people - ANSWER women: OCPs men: alcohol
Most important cause of chronic glomerulonephritis - ANSWER DM
MC kidney stones - ANSWER 1. Calcium oxolate 80% increased urine pH radiopaque 2. Uric Acid 5%
Decreased urine pH Radiolucent 3. Struvite 15% Mg ammonium phosphate Proteus radiopaque
HyperCalcemia Causes - ANSWER VITAMIN TRAPS -Vitamin A and D intox -Immobilization -Thyrotoxicosis
-Addison's/Acidosis -Milk Alkali -Inflammatory disorders -Neoplastic disease -Thiazides -Rhabdo -Aids -
Paget's/Parenteral Nutrition/ParaTH dz -Sarcoid
HyperCalcemia Sx's - ANSWER Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans
RTA with abnormal H+ secretion and kidney stones - ANSWER Type I (distal) RTA
, RTA with abnormal HCO3- and rickets - ANSWER Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA with aldosterone defect - ANSWER Type IV (distal) RTA
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia - ANSWER 1. Cirrhosis 2. CHF 3. nephritic syndrome
Hyperkalemia EKG - ANSWER Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hypokalemia EKG - ANSWER T waves flatten; U waves
ARF with FeNa <1% - ANSWER PreRenal
Nephritic Syndrome - ANSWER 1. Hematuria 2. HTN 3. Oliguria
MC nephritic Syndrome - ANSWER Membranous Glomerulonephritis
MC form glomerulonephritis - ANSWER IgA nephropathy (Berger's)
Glomerulonephritis with deafness - ANSWER Alport's
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis - ANSWER Wegener's or Goodpasture's
salicylate ingestion - ANSWER anion gap acidosis and primary resp alkalosis due to central resp
stimulation
AntiCentromere Ab's - ANSWER Scleroderma (CREST)
ANA - ANSWER SLE
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Top two causes CRF - ANSWER 1. HTN 2. DM
Prominent A Wave - ANSWER Tricuspid Insufficiency
Canon A Wave - ANSWER Heart Block
Soft P2 - ANSWER Pulmonary Stenosis
2 Causes Webbed Neck - ANSWER 1. Turner's (coarctation) 2. Noonan's (pulm stenosis)
Signs Constrictive Pericarditis - ANSWER 1. X and Y descent 2. Square Root Sign 3. Calcification
Beck's Triad for Cardiac Tamponade - ANSWER 1. Distant Heart Sounds 2. Hypotension 3. JVD
MCC HTN young people - ANSWER women: OCPs men: alcohol
Most important cause of chronic glomerulonephritis - ANSWER DM
MC kidney stones - ANSWER 1. Calcium oxolate 80% increased urine pH radiopaque 2. Uric Acid 5%
Decreased urine pH Radiolucent 3. Struvite 15% Mg ammonium phosphate Proteus radiopaque
HyperCalcemia Causes - ANSWER VITAMIN TRAPS -Vitamin A and D intox -Immobilization -Thyrotoxicosis
-Addison's/Acidosis -Milk Alkali -Inflammatory disorders -Neoplastic disease -Thiazides -Rhabdo -Aids -
Paget's/Parenteral Nutrition/ParaTH dz -Sarcoid
HyperCalcemia Sx's - ANSWER Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans
RTA with abnormal H+ secretion and kidney stones - ANSWER Type I (distal) RTA
, RTA with abnormal HCO3- and rickets - ANSWER Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA with aldosterone defect - ANSWER Type IV (distal) RTA
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia - ANSWER 1. Cirrhosis 2. CHF 3. nephritic syndrome
Hyperkalemia EKG - ANSWER Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hypokalemia EKG - ANSWER T waves flatten; U waves
ARF with FeNa <1% - ANSWER PreRenal
Nephritic Syndrome - ANSWER 1. Hematuria 2. HTN 3. Oliguria
MC nephritic Syndrome - ANSWER Membranous Glomerulonephritis
MC form glomerulonephritis - ANSWER IgA nephropathy (Berger's)
Glomerulonephritis with deafness - ANSWER Alport's
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis - ANSWER Wegener's or Goodpasture's
salicylate ingestion - ANSWER anion gap acidosis and primary resp alkalosis due to central resp
stimulation
AntiCentromere Ab's - ANSWER Scleroderma (CREST)
ANA - ANSWER SLE
