Civil Engineering Tech Quiz

Civil Engineering - answer--oldest field in engineering -Mission is to build safe facilities that meet needs of society Civil engineering is involved in public works such as ______ - answer-roads, bridges, and municipal water systems Civil engineering make designs that are used to ___________ - answer-control natural resources (dams, drainage systems, shoreline protection) name subfeilds of civil engineering - answer-structural, water resources, transportation, environmental, construction, and geomatics (TEC SWaG) Structural Engineering - answer-- Large structures like skyscrapers, tunnels, etc - Goal is to build structures that withstand the dynamics of the natural and human-build world Water resource engineering - answer-Concerned with the supply and access of water Transportation engineering - answer-Safe and efficient movement of people Enviromental Engineering - answer-impact of structures and building on environment Construction Engineering - answer-Concerted with the management and organization of the flow of materials and workers in order to stay on time and within the budget. Geomatics Engineering - answer-- Measure, collect and analyze information regarding the land, ocean and natural resources. Name civil engineering professional societies - answer-American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineers (IABSE) Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) American Planning Association (APA) ______ is the oldest and largest civil engineering society founded 1852 - answer-American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Structures - answer-An arrangement of parts build to remain stable while withstanding forces and support/transmit specific loads for practical purposes All areas of civil engineering must have a good understanding of - answer-structures Load - answer-the forces a structure must withstand Types of loads and explain - answer-Static loads -Weight of the structure itself (AKA dead load) -Weight added under normal use (AKA live load) Dynamic loads -A sudden impact on the structure Why do engineers build structures? - answer-Engineers build structures so the internal forces counteract the loads. Structures in state of equilibrium (equal and opposite forces meaning net force is 0) - answer-- Can oppose external forces - Can transfer load throughout structure Types of Structural Forces and explain - answer-Compression (crushing/pressing force). Tension(pulling), Shear force (forces acting in opposite directions), Torsion(turning force), Bending Force (FORCE CAUSING SAGGING) When a bending or torsion force is applied to a material; the material is under a ______ and ________ force - answer-compression; tension Name types of structural components - answer-Beam, columns, braces, joints Beams (what does it resist and name examples) - answer--horizontal structural members -transmit loads to columns -Used to resist bending Ex;Floor joist Floor joist - answer-type of beam that is designed to resist bending as people walk across the floor Columns - answer--Vertical structural members -Transmit load from above Braces (what does it provide and name examples) - answer--Used to provide structural stability -Often form triangles between beams and columns Provide resistance from forces Ex; Struts and ties Struts - answer-braces that resit compression and support from the bottom Ties - answer-braces that resist tension and hold from the top Joints - answer--connect structural members together -May be rigid or pinned Truss - answer--a structural unit made from straight bars -Usually triangular in shape and are pinned together at joints -Used to support for bridges, roofs, etc -Can distribute a single point of weight over a wide area What are applications of civil engineering in skyscrapers? - answer-structural frames,central core, Tuned Mass Damper structural frame (skeleton) - answer--Made of iron or steel -Can withstand dead load of building -Attached to footings and piers that extend deep into earth Why are structural frames used? - answer-Because as buildings get taller (skyscrapers) the weight increases and to the support the weight the walls would have to be thicker (impractical). They are used so the Curtain walls (outer surface) do not have to carry the weight of the structure and walls can be hung on the frame work Central core - answer-It is a structural frame (concrete shaft) that is attached to the center/core of the building to help with the stability and resist live loads ex. winds and earthquakes. They also contain elevator shafts and mechanical systems. Mainly used for very tall buildings. Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) - answer--Created to lessen sway at top floors of very tall buildings -Typically located at top floors -Absorbs sway, so building sway is reduced by 50% What are civil Engineering applications to residential construction? - answer-framework, foundation, flooring, walls, roofs, windows, doors, stairway FFFaR WaDS Frame work - answer-Essential supporting members of the structure foundation - answer-concrete slab or in-ground basement that is connected to flooring using wood sills flooring - answer--Start with horizontal (flooring) joists -Cover with sub-floor (plywood) Walls (what are they made with) - answer--Typically 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 pieces of lumber called STUDS -Exterior walls covered with sheething (plywood & insulation) -Interior walls used sheetrock or drywall Roof - answer--Supported by walls - load bearing -Shapes include gable, butterfly, hip, flat and shed a slope of roof - answer-roof pitch trusses of roof - answer-rafters Name types of windows - answer-header, jamb, casement, double hung, hopper, awning (HHAC JorDan) header window - answer-Extra framing at top (horizontal) Jamb window - answer-Extra framing at sides (vertical) casement window - answer-hinged at the side and swing outward; usually have a handle to crank the window open/closed double hung window - answer-traditional windows that have a top and bottom half that slide up or down to open/close Hopper window - answer-hinged at the bottom, tilt inward to open. Awning Windows - answer-hinged at the top, tilt outward to open. What are parts of a stairway? - answer--Risers: vertical part of each step -Treads: Horizontal part - the part you step on Angle of incline of stairs should be between _____ degrees. - answer-28-32 name types of doors - answer-swinging. sliding and folding What is the framing of doors similar to ____ - answer-framing of windows with headers and jambs (horizontal and vertical) What are structural constraints of bridges - answer-length span. type of foundation, environment, and available materials What are basic components of bridges - answer--Piers; main vertical components that transfer load into the ground -Abutments: connect the bridge to the ground -Roadway Types of bridges - answer-truss, beam, cantilever, arch, suspension, specialty bridges (combination and movable bridges) TB CASSe Beam Bridges - answer--simplest form of bridge -Use concrete or steel to support a deck -Widely used when one road crosses another Truss bridge (include what forces are on each member and where they carry their load)) - answer--Use small parts arranged in triangles to support the deck -Load spread out through all structural members -Each structural member in compression or tension -Can carry heavier loads over longer spans u can truss them to last longer :)