Test Bank: Community Oral Health Practice for the Dental
Hygienist 4th Edition by Beatty - Ch. 1-11, 9780323355254,
with Rationales
The similarity of private practice versus community dental care can be demonstrated by the following:
a. the treatment of a patient is similar to community analysis of the data from a needs survey
b. a clinical diagnosis of dental disease is similar to program planning of a sealant program
c. an oral health survey to assess the status of the elderly is similar to providing SCRP treatment for a
perio patient
d. the re-evaluation appointment after SCRP is similar to summative evaluation on a dental health
program - ANSWER: d. the re-evaluation appointment after SCRP is similar to summative evaluation
on a dental health program
Which of the following Federal agencies does not participate in dental health related activities?
a. Dept. of Health and Human Services
b. Health Resources and Services Admin.
c. American Association of Public Health Dentistry
d. National Institute of Health
e. Center for Disease Control and Prevention - ANSWER: c. American Association of Public Health
Dentistry
What is the most common measure of dispersion?
a. mean
b. standard deviation
c. mode
d. range - ANSWER: b. standard deviation
This type of study uses a survey method to measure and describe the presence and distribution of a
disease or a health condition in a population or sample at one time:
a. descriptive study
b. experimental study
c. analytical study
d. clinical trial study - ANSWER: a. descriptive study
The delivery of dental care in the U.S. is mostly a private sector endeavor. Medicare is a federal
program insurance to pay medical bills for people over the age of 65.
a. both statements are true
b. both statements are false
c. the first statement is true the second is false
d. the first statement is false the second is true - ANSWER: a. both statements are true
The occurrence of an illness in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region, usually
occurring suddenly and spreading rapidly, is termed:
a. endemic
b. epidemic
c. pandemic
d. none of the above - ANSWER: b. epidemic
Which type of sample consists of selecting an element according to certain subgroups?
a. random
b. stratified
c. systemic
d. judgement
,e. convenience - ANSWER: b. stratified
The amount of untreated caries in a population at the time of examination is known as:
a. caries incidence
b. caries prevalence
c. dental neglect
d. primary caries - ANSWER: b. caries prevalence
While participating in a community project, a hygiene student demonstrates tooth brushing, flossing,
and discusses nutrition. These activities are examples of:
a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. tertiary prevention
d. primary and secondary prevention - ANSWER: a. primary prevention
A parametric statistic used to determine whether two statistically significant differences occur when
comparing more than two mean scores is:
a. t-test
b. analysis of variance (ANOVA)
c. chi-square test
d. p-value - ANSWER: b. analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Validity - ANSWER: the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
independent variable - ANSWER: The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied.
dependent variable - ANSWER: The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
Median - ANSWER: the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
mean - ANSWER: the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then
dividing by the number of scores
Mode - ANSWER: the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
endemic - ANSWER: native or confined to a particular region or people
Pandemic - ANSWER: Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high
proportion of the population.
epidemic - ANSWER: a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular
time.
primary prevention - ANSWER: Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
secondary prevention - ANSWER: Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot
completely prevent.
tertiary prevention - ANSWER: actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has
progressed beyond its early stages
t-test - ANSWER: a statistical test used to evaluate the size and significance of the difference between
two means
ANOVA - ANSWER: Analysis Of Variance - between means of 3 or more groups
, Chi-square test - ANSWER: A statistical method of testing for an association between two categorical
variables. Specifically, it tests for the equality of two frequencies or proportions.
p-value - ANSWER: The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically
significant (not due to chance).
Incidence - ANSWER: number of new cases
Prevalence - ANSWER: The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present
in a population at a given time.
random sample - ANSWER: a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an
equal chance of inclusion
stratified sample - ANSWER: a sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population
are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population
convenience sample - ANSWER: a form of nonprobability sample using respondents who are
convenient or readily accessible to the researcher—for example, employees, friends, or relatives
systematic sample - ANSWER: obtained by selecting every kth individual from the population
Hypothesis - ANSWER: A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Null Hypothesis (H0) - ANSWER: A statement of "no difference."
Which of the following are the 3 characteristics that compose epidemiologic factors of disease?
(select all that apply)
a. host
b. agent
c. multifactorial
d. environmental
e. interrelationship - ANSWER: a. host
b. agent
d. environmental
Which of the following types of data is represented by the classification of treatment needs:
a. ratio
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. nominal - ANSWER: b. ordinal- organizes data by rank, no numerical difference in ranks
Which type of evaluation involves comparison of the pretest and posttest scores?
a. formative and qualitative
b. formative and quantitative
c. summative and qualitative
d. summative and quantitative - ANSWER: d. summative and quantitative
Formative Assessment - ANSWER: Takes place during learning and is used to plan or modify
instruction
Summative Assessment - ANSWER: Assessment data collected after instruction to evaluate a student's
mastery of the curriculum objectives and a teacher's effectiveness at instructional delivery.
Qualitative - ANSWER: Data in the form of words
Hygienist 4th Edition by Beatty - Ch. 1-11, 9780323355254,
with Rationales
The similarity of private practice versus community dental care can be demonstrated by the following:
a. the treatment of a patient is similar to community analysis of the data from a needs survey
b. a clinical diagnosis of dental disease is similar to program planning of a sealant program
c. an oral health survey to assess the status of the elderly is similar to providing SCRP treatment for a
perio patient
d. the re-evaluation appointment after SCRP is similar to summative evaluation on a dental health
program - ANSWER: d. the re-evaluation appointment after SCRP is similar to summative evaluation
on a dental health program
Which of the following Federal agencies does not participate in dental health related activities?
a. Dept. of Health and Human Services
b. Health Resources and Services Admin.
c. American Association of Public Health Dentistry
d. National Institute of Health
e. Center for Disease Control and Prevention - ANSWER: c. American Association of Public Health
Dentistry
What is the most common measure of dispersion?
a. mean
b. standard deviation
c. mode
d. range - ANSWER: b. standard deviation
This type of study uses a survey method to measure and describe the presence and distribution of a
disease or a health condition in a population or sample at one time:
a. descriptive study
b. experimental study
c. analytical study
d. clinical trial study - ANSWER: a. descriptive study
The delivery of dental care in the U.S. is mostly a private sector endeavor. Medicare is a federal
program insurance to pay medical bills for people over the age of 65.
a. both statements are true
b. both statements are false
c. the first statement is true the second is false
d. the first statement is false the second is true - ANSWER: a. both statements are true
The occurrence of an illness in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region, usually
occurring suddenly and spreading rapidly, is termed:
a. endemic
b. epidemic
c. pandemic
d. none of the above - ANSWER: b. epidemic
Which type of sample consists of selecting an element according to certain subgroups?
a. random
b. stratified
c. systemic
d. judgement
,e. convenience - ANSWER: b. stratified
The amount of untreated caries in a population at the time of examination is known as:
a. caries incidence
b. caries prevalence
c. dental neglect
d. primary caries - ANSWER: b. caries prevalence
While participating in a community project, a hygiene student demonstrates tooth brushing, flossing,
and discusses nutrition. These activities are examples of:
a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. tertiary prevention
d. primary and secondary prevention - ANSWER: a. primary prevention
A parametric statistic used to determine whether two statistically significant differences occur when
comparing more than two mean scores is:
a. t-test
b. analysis of variance (ANOVA)
c. chi-square test
d. p-value - ANSWER: b. analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Validity - ANSWER: the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
independent variable - ANSWER: The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose
effect is being studied.
dependent variable - ANSWER: The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to
manipulations of the independent variable.
Median - ANSWER: the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
mean - ANSWER: the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then
dividing by the number of scores
Mode - ANSWER: the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
endemic - ANSWER: native or confined to a particular region or people
Pandemic - ANSWER: Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high
proportion of the population.
epidemic - ANSWER: a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular
time.
primary prevention - ANSWER: Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
secondary prevention - ANSWER: Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot
completely prevent.
tertiary prevention - ANSWER: actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has
progressed beyond its early stages
t-test - ANSWER: a statistical test used to evaluate the size and significance of the difference between
two means
ANOVA - ANSWER: Analysis Of Variance - between means of 3 or more groups
, Chi-square test - ANSWER: A statistical method of testing for an association between two categorical
variables. Specifically, it tests for the equality of two frequencies or proportions.
p-value - ANSWER: The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically
significant (not due to chance).
Incidence - ANSWER: number of new cases
Prevalence - ANSWER: The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present
in a population at a given time.
random sample - ANSWER: a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an
equal chance of inclusion
stratified sample - ANSWER: a sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population
are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population
convenience sample - ANSWER: a form of nonprobability sample using respondents who are
convenient or readily accessible to the researcher—for example, employees, friends, or relatives
systematic sample - ANSWER: obtained by selecting every kth individual from the population
Hypothesis - ANSWER: A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Null Hypothesis (H0) - ANSWER: A statement of "no difference."
Which of the following are the 3 characteristics that compose epidemiologic factors of disease?
(select all that apply)
a. host
b. agent
c. multifactorial
d. environmental
e. interrelationship - ANSWER: a. host
b. agent
d. environmental
Which of the following types of data is represented by the classification of treatment needs:
a. ratio
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. nominal - ANSWER: b. ordinal- organizes data by rank, no numerical difference in ranks
Which type of evaluation involves comparison of the pretest and posttest scores?
a. formative and qualitative
b. formative and quantitative
c. summative and qualitative
d. summative and quantitative - ANSWER: d. summative and quantitative
Formative Assessment - ANSWER: Takes place during learning and is used to plan or modify
instruction
Summative Assessment - ANSWER: Assessment data collected after instruction to evaluate a student's
mastery of the curriculum objectives and a teacher's effectiveness at instructional delivery.
Qualitative - ANSWER: Data in the form of words
