NBME CBSE REAL EXAM/ NBME CBSE 200
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ NBME CBSE LATEST
2023-2024/ Review (Recent Exam)
Chagas Disease ---------- Correct Answer -------- Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite
passed in the feces of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes ---------- Correct Answer -------- cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that
participates in phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection ---------- Correct Answer -------- multifactorial but typically involves
arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 ---------- Correct Answer -------- PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis ---------- Correct Answer -------- Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial
infection such as Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) ---------- Correct Answer -------- AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
,Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease ---------- Correct Answer -------- Failure of Golgi apparatus to
phosphorylate mannose 6-phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes
resulting in accumulation of lysosomal enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test ---------- Correct Answer -------- Aqualitative test to determine
defects in NADPH oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) ---------- Correct Answer -------- inability to
produce NADPH oxidase; susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/
normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) ---------- Correct Answer -------- ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine ---------- Correct Answer -------- ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine ---------- Correct Answer -------- Structurally similar to TCAs w/
anticholinergic side effects used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen ---------- Correct Answer -------- ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol ---------- Correct Answer -------- Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia &
worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis ---------- Correct Answer -------- Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis ---------- Correct Answer -------- Cilated, motile trophozoites w/
corkscrew-like motility
Autism ---------- Correct Answer -------- Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, &
separation anxiety; repetitious behavior
Emphysema ---------- Correct Answer -------- Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC;
TLC, FRC, & RV increase
Parathyroid hormone(PTH) vs phosphate in hypercalcemia ---------- Correct Answer
-------- PTH: rapid & direct
Phosphate: slow & indirect
, ANP: ---------- Correct Answer -------- Afib, Ch-1p, NPPA gene mutation causing binding
interference,- decrease cGMP
Failure of development of 3rd or 4th pharyngeal pouches ---------- Correct Answer --------
DiGeorge syndrome (CATCH 22): truncus arteriosus & agenesis of parathyroid glands
May also be associated w/ failure of thymus to develop -> T lymphocytes w/ CD3
marker
Huntington disease ---------- Correct Answer -------- PCR is the most common method to
est. # of CAGs
Both the coding & template strands bind the forward & reverse primers on 3' end
Pyrmidine Dimers ---------- Correct Answer -------- BRAF gain of function mutation
causing covalant thymine (or Cystine) bonds normally repaired thru NER in the G1
phase by endonuclease recognition then excision (DNA polymerase then fills; ligase
then reseals)
Xeroderma pigmentosum ---------- Correct Answer -------- Mutation of NER
endonuclease from UV radiation disrupting DNA replication due to the oligonucleotides
remaining damaged
DNA Polymerase I ---------- Correct Answer -------- Removal of both leading & lagging
RNA primers 5' to 3' (unique)
Proofreading of mismatch nucleotides via 3' to 5' exonuclease & elongation of lagging
strand 5' to 3' (universal)
Topoisomerase ---------- Correct Answer -------- Enzyme that functions in DNA
replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork.
Teniposide ---------- Correct Answer -------- Topoisomerase II inhibitor acting in the S
phase & G2 phase:
S phase: prevents proper unwinding of supercoils & reannealing of DNA
G phase: Permanent breaks in both strands of DNA preventing transcription & repair
inducing cell cycle arrest
Cytarabine ---------- Correct Answer -------- Antimetabolite inhibiting DNA polymerase,
arresting cells solely in S phase
Fluoroquinolones ( -floxacin) ---------- Correct Answer -------- Bactercidal: direct inhibition
of topoisomerase 2 & 4 halting DNA replication as 1st line treatment of uncomplicated
pyelonephritis; older for gram negative & aerobic, newer more broad spectrum
Contraindicated in LQTS with ADR of torn achilles
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ NBME CBSE LATEST
2023-2024/ Review (Recent Exam)
Chagas Disease ---------- Correct Answer -------- Caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite
passed in the feces of Reduviidae/kissing bug
Penetrates broken skin or intact mucous membranes forming a pseudocyst releasing
inflammatory infiltrates into myocytes; stains with Giemsa & Wright
Romana sign occurs when portal of entry is the conjunctiva or eyelid
May resulting in:
Enlarged heart- CHF, sudden cardiac arrest
Enlarged esophagus- difficulty swallowing
Enlarged colon- abdominal pain or constipation
Treat with benznidazole or nifurtimox
Monocytes ---------- Correct Answer -------- cell with half-moon shaped nucleus that
participates in phagocytosis
Chronic graft rejection ---------- Correct Answer -------- multifactorial but typically involves
arteriosclerosis
HLA-B27 ---------- Correct Answer -------- PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis- chronic synovitis destroying cartilage typically in young men
Inflammatory bowel dz- Crohn's & UC
Reactive Arthritis-
Reactive Arthritis ---------- Correct Answer -------- Arthritis as a reaction to a bacterial
infection such as Campylobacter, Chlamydia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Ureaplasma.
Associated with conjunctivitis & uveitis
Gaucher (Type 1) ---------- Correct Answer -------- AR Lysosomal storage disease
Accumulation of sphingolipid glucocerebroside
Most common
,Wrinkled tissue paper
I Cell disease ---------- Correct Answer -------- Failure of Golgi apparatus to
phosphorylate mannose 6-phosphate the marker to export enzymes to lysosomes
resulting in accumulation of lysosomal enzymes in serum
Nitroblue tetrazolium test ---------- Correct Answer -------- Aqualitative test to determine
defects in NADPH oxidase
Negative: CGD
Positive: Acute Hepatitis, Mono
CGD (chronic granulomatous disease) ---------- Correct Answer -------- inability to
produce NADPH oxidase; susceptible to Cat + organisms; elevated neutrophils w/
normal T cell
Gp91 phox subunit: heme binding subunit of superoxide generating NADPH
Treat with interferon gamma
Clarithromycin (macrolide) ---------- Correct Answer -------- ADR of metallic taste & GI
Codeine ---------- Correct Answer -------- ADR resp. depression, euphoria, & constipation
Cyclobenzaprine ---------- Correct Answer -------- Structurally similar to TCAs w/
anticholinergic side effects used for relief of muscle spasms
May exacerbate glaucoma
Naproxen ---------- Correct Answer -------- ADR of GI & renal (in elderly)
Timolol ---------- Correct Answer -------- Used in HTN & glaucoma; ADR of bradycardia &
worsening asthma
Bacterial vaginosis ---------- Correct Answer -------- Sloughed mucosal cells = clue cells
Trichomoniasis ---------- Correct Answer -------- Cilated, motile trophozoites w/
corkscrew-like motility
Autism ---------- Correct Answer -------- Lack of eye contact, verbal communication, &
separation anxiety; repetitious behavior
Emphysema ---------- Correct Answer -------- Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio, normal FVC;
TLC, FRC, & RV increase
Parathyroid hormone(PTH) vs phosphate in hypercalcemia ---------- Correct Answer
-------- PTH: rapid & direct
Phosphate: slow & indirect
, ANP: ---------- Correct Answer -------- Afib, Ch-1p, NPPA gene mutation causing binding
interference,- decrease cGMP
Failure of development of 3rd or 4th pharyngeal pouches ---------- Correct Answer --------
DiGeorge syndrome (CATCH 22): truncus arteriosus & agenesis of parathyroid glands
May also be associated w/ failure of thymus to develop -> T lymphocytes w/ CD3
marker
Huntington disease ---------- Correct Answer -------- PCR is the most common method to
est. # of CAGs
Both the coding & template strands bind the forward & reverse primers on 3' end
Pyrmidine Dimers ---------- Correct Answer -------- BRAF gain of function mutation
causing covalant thymine (or Cystine) bonds normally repaired thru NER in the G1
phase by endonuclease recognition then excision (DNA polymerase then fills; ligase
then reseals)
Xeroderma pigmentosum ---------- Correct Answer -------- Mutation of NER
endonuclease from UV radiation disrupting DNA replication due to the oligonucleotides
remaining damaged
DNA Polymerase I ---------- Correct Answer -------- Removal of both leading & lagging
RNA primers 5' to 3' (unique)
Proofreading of mismatch nucleotides via 3' to 5' exonuclease & elongation of lagging
strand 5' to 3' (universal)
Topoisomerase ---------- Correct Answer -------- Enzyme that functions in DNA
replication, helping to relieve strain in the double helix ahead of the replication fork.
Teniposide ---------- Correct Answer -------- Topoisomerase II inhibitor acting in the S
phase & G2 phase:
S phase: prevents proper unwinding of supercoils & reannealing of DNA
G phase: Permanent breaks in both strands of DNA preventing transcription & repair
inducing cell cycle arrest
Cytarabine ---------- Correct Answer -------- Antimetabolite inhibiting DNA polymerase,
arresting cells solely in S phase
Fluoroquinolones ( -floxacin) ---------- Correct Answer -------- Bactercidal: direct inhibition
of topoisomerase 2 & 4 halting DNA replication as 1st line treatment of uncomplicated
pyelonephritis; older for gram negative & aerobic, newer more broad spectrum
Contraindicated in LQTS with ADR of torn achilles
