WGU patho D236
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
100%
Turner syndrome - ANSWER A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an *X
chromosome* is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X
chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease - ANSWER A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele
for a dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome - ANSWER A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and
associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the
kidney is resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to excess free
water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't
properly concentrate urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - ANSWER In heart valve disease, one or more of the
valves in your heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve).
When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes blood to flow backward through
the valve. This reduces forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it
limits the flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood
with increased force to move blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
,Cardiac Valve Complications - ANSWER Heart valve disease can cause many
complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Respiratory Illness from bats - ANSWER *Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by
contact with infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers
live in a variety of animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral
hemorrhagic fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia - ANSWER Different types of anemia include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation - ANSWER The kidneys have two
main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3−
from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis - ANSWER Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer - ANSWER Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-
aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ? - ANSWER *Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - ANSWER This condition is inherited in
an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell
is sufficient to cause the disorder.
, At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1
gene
Spina Bifida - ANSWER Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the
most important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
Bursitis - ANSWER Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads
(bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
Sprains and Strains - ANSWER A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a
ligament while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the
end of muscles that connect muscles to bones) get stretched or pulled away from the
bone.
Endometriosis - ANSWER # *Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and
cramping may begin before and extend several days into a menstrual period.
#Lower back and abdominal pain.
#Pain with intercourse. Pain during or after sex is common with endometriosis.
#Pain with bowel movements or urination. You're most likely to experience these
symptoms during a menstrual period.
#Excessive bleeding. You may experience occasional heavy menstrual periods or
bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
#Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first diagnosed in those seeking treatment for
infertility.
#Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual
periods.
Ulcerative colitis - ANSWER Ulcerative colitis is an *autoimmune disease of the large
intestine*, specifically the *colon and rectum*.
It affects the mucosal layer of the large intestine.
#Aortic stenosis/regurgitation
#Mitral stenosis/regurgitation - ANSWER *Mitral valve stenosis* occurs when the mitral
valve in the heart narrows, restricting blood flow into the main pumping chamber. The
mitral valve may also leak, causing *blood to flow back through the valve each time the
left ventricle contracts*. This condition is called mitral valve regurgitation.
*Backflow of blood* is caused by failure of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly.
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
100%
Turner syndrome - ANSWER A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an *X
chromosome* is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X
chromosome is deleted.
Tay-Sachs Disease - ANSWER A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele
for a dysfunctional enzyme leads to the accumulation of certain lipids in the brain.
Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually
become manifest a few months after birth, followed by death within a few years.
Down syndrome - ANSWER A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and
associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Diabetes Insipidus - ANSWER Antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the
kidney is resistant to its effect. The *serum sodium is often elevated* due to excess free
water losses.
In diabetes insipidus, your blood glucose levels are normal, but your kidneys can't
properly concentrate urine.
Cardiac Valve Disease Process - ANSWER In heart valve disease, one or more of the
valves in your heart doesn't work properly. Regurgitation (or leakage of the valve).
When the valve(s) do not close completely, it causes blood to flow backward through
the valve. This reduces forward blood flow and can lead to volume overload in the heart.
Stenosis (or narrowing of the valve). When the valve(s) opening becomes narrowed, it
limits the flow of blood out of the ventricles or atria. The heart is forced to pump blood
with increased force to move blood through the narrowed or stiff (stenotic) valve(s).
,Cardiac Valve Complications - ANSWER Heart valve disease can cause many
complications, including:
* Heart failure.
* Stroke.
* Blood clots.
* Heart rhythm abnormalities.
* Death.
Respiratory Illness from bats - ANSWER *Viral hemorrhagic fevers* are spread by
contact with infected animals or insects. The viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic fevers
live in a variety of animal and insect hosts.
Most commonly, the hosts include mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, or bats. Some viral
hemorrhagic fevers can also be spread from person to person.
Anemia - ANSWER Different types of anemia include:
Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency
Anemia due to iron deficiency
Anemia of chronic disease
Hemolytic anemia
Idiopathic aplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation - ANSWER The kidneys have two
main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3−
from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine.
By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH.
Pyelonephritis - ANSWER Inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
Prostate cancer - ANSWER Cancer of the prostate gland usually occurs in men middle-
aged and older.
Artery response during blood loss.
Does cell shrink or swell ? - ANSWER *Vasoconstriction*
Marfan Syndrome - Autosomal dominant trait - ANSWER This condition is inherited in
an autosomal dominant pattern , which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell
is sufficient to cause the disorder.
, At least 25 percent of Marfan syndrome cases result from a new mutation in the FBN1
gene
Spina Bifida - ANSWER Not having enough *folic acid* during pregnancy is one of the
most important factors that can increase the chances of having a child with spina bifida.
Bursitis - ANSWER Inflammation of a bursa sac. Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads
(bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
Sprains and Strains - ANSWER A sprain occurs when you overextend or tear a
ligament while severely stressing a joint.A strain occurs when tendons (bands at the
end of muscles that connect muscles to bones) get stretched or pulled away from the
bone.
Endometriosis - ANSWER # *Painful periods (dysmenorrhea)*. Pelvic pain and
cramping may begin before and extend several days into a menstrual period.
#Lower back and abdominal pain.
#Pain with intercourse. Pain during or after sex is common with endometriosis.
#Pain with bowel movements or urination. You're most likely to experience these
symptoms during a menstrual period.
#Excessive bleeding. You may experience occasional heavy menstrual periods or
bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
#Infertility. Sometimes, endometriosis is first diagnosed in those seeking treatment for
infertility.
#Fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating or nausea, especially during menstrual
periods.
Ulcerative colitis - ANSWER Ulcerative colitis is an *autoimmune disease of the large
intestine*, specifically the *colon and rectum*.
It affects the mucosal layer of the large intestine.
#Aortic stenosis/regurgitation
#Mitral stenosis/regurgitation - ANSWER *Mitral valve stenosis* occurs when the mitral
valve in the heart narrows, restricting blood flow into the main pumping chamber. The
mitral valve may also leak, causing *blood to flow back through the valve each time the
left ventricle contracts*. This condition is called mitral valve regurgitation.
*Backflow of blood* is caused by failure of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly.
