Test Bank for Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered
Health States 10th Edition By Tommie L. Norris
9781496377555 Chapter 1-52 Complete Guide
The _____ functions primarily as a conduit for passage of food and liquid from the pharynx to the
stomach. - ANSWER: esophagus
_____ anomalies of the esophagus require early detection and correction because they are
incompatible with life. - ANSWER: Congenital
_____ can result from disorders that produce narrowing of the esophagus, lack of salivary secretion,
weakness of the muscular structures that propel the food bolus, or neural networks coordinating the
swallowing mechanism. - ANSWER: Dysphagia
_____ is characterized by a protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the
diaphragm. - ANSWER: Hiatal Hernia
The most frequent symptom of __ is heartburn. - ANSWER: GERD
There is considerable evidence linking gastroesophageal reflux with _________. - ANSWER: Bronchial
Asthma
_____ involves mucosa! injury to the esophagus, hyperemia, and inflammation. - ANSWER: Reflux
esophagitis
Symptoms of reflux esophagitis in an _____ include evidence of pain when swallowing, hematemesis
and anemia due to esophageal bleeding, heartburn, irritability, and sudden or inconsolable crying. -
ANSWER: infant
Most squamous cell esophageal carcinomas are attributable to _____ and _____ use. - ANSWER:
Alcohol, Tobacco
The stomach lining is usually _____ to the acid it secretes, a property that allows the stomach to
contain acid and pepsin without having its wall digested. - ANSWER: Impermeable
The _____ are believed to exert their effect through improved mucosa! blood flow, decreased acid
secretion, increased bicarbonate ion secretion, and enhanced mucus production. - ANSWER:
prostaglandins
_____ refers to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. - ANSWER: Gastritis
_____ is most commonly associated with local irritants such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory agents, alcohol, or bacterial toxins. - ANSWER: Acute Gastritis
_____ is denoted by the absence of grossly visible erosions and the presence of chronic inflammatory
changes leading eventually to atrophy of the glandular epithelium of the stomach. - ANSWER: Chronic
Gastritis
Autoimmune gastritis results from the presence of _____ to components of gastric gland parietal cells
and intrinsic factor. - ANSWER: Autoantibodies
_____ is a term used to describe a group of ulcerative disorders that occur in areas of the upper
gastrointestinal tract that are exposed to acid-pepsin secretions. - ANSWER: Peptic Ulcer
,The most common complications of peptic ulcer are ____ _, perforation and penetration, and gastric
outlet _____ _ - ANSWER: hemorrhage, obstruction
Laboratory findings of hypochromic anemia and occult blood in the stools indicate _______ -
ANSWER: Bleeding ulcers
____ is the major physiologic mediator for hydrochloric acid secretion. - ANSWER: Histamine
Persons at high risk for development of _____ include those with large surface area burns, trauma,
sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe liver failure, and major surgical procedures. -
ANSWER: Stress Ulcers
Gastric _____ is the second most common tumor in the world. - ANSWER: Carcinoma
_____ is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a variable combination of chronic and
recurrent intestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. - ANSWER:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
The term inflammatory bowel disease is used to designate two related inflammatory intestinal
disorders: _____ disease and ___________. - ANSWER: Crohn's , ulcerative colitis
_____ disease is a recurrent, granulomatous type of inflammatory response that can affect any area
of the gastrointestinal tract. - ANSWER: Crohn's
Ulcerative colitis is confined to the _____ and the _____ _ - ANSWER: Colon, Rectum
_____ deficiencies are common in Crohn disease because of diarrhea, steatorrhea, and other
malabsorption problems. - ANSWER: Nutritional
Characteristics of ulcerative colitis are the lesions that form in the crypts of _____ in the base of the
mucosal layer - ANSWER: Lieberkuehn
_____ of the colon is one of the feared complications of ulcerative colitis. - ANSWER: Cancer
The complications of _____ result from massive fluid loss or destruction of intestinal mucosa. -
ANSWER: Bacterial enterocolitis
_____ is a condition in which the mucosa! layer of the colon herniated through the muscularis layer. -
ANSWER: Diverticulosis
_____ is a complication of diverticulosis in which there is inflammation and gross or microscopic
perforation of the diverticulum. - ANSWER: Diverticulitis
The pain associated with _____ is caused by stretching of the appendix during the early inflammatory
process. - ANSWER: Appendicitis
The usual definition of _____ is excessively frequent passage of stools. - ANSWER: Diarrhea
Toxin-producing bacteria or other agents that disrupt the normal absorption or secretory process in
the small bowel commonly cause - ANSWER: Noninflammatory Diarrhea
_____ diarrhea is often associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable
bowel syndrome, malabsorption syndrome, endocrine disorders, or radiation colitis. - ANSWER:
Chronic
_____ is commonly associated with acute or chronic inflammation or intrinsic disease of the colon,
such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease. - ANSWER: Inflammatory Diarrhea
, ____ can be defined as the infrequent and/or difficult passage of stools. - ANSWER: Constipation
_____ is the retention of hardened or puttylike stool in the rectum and colon, which interferes with
normal passage of feces. - ANSWER: Fecal Impaction
Intestinal obstruction designates an impairment of movement of intestinal contents in a _____
direction. - ANSWER: cephalocaudal
_____ obstruction results from neurogenic or muscular impairment of peristalsis. - ANSWER: Paralytic
Peritonitis is an inflammatory response of the _____ that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the
visceral organs. - ANSWER: Serous Membranes
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of ____ _ containing grains. -
ANSWER: Gluten
_____ provides a means for direct visualization of the rectum and colon. - ANSWER: Colonoscopy
Achalasia
a. Swallowing is painful
b. Most common cause of chronic gastritis in the United States
c. Ulcer erodes through all layers of the stomach
d. Esophagus is connected to the trachea.
e. Backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
f. Upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch
g. Difficulty passing food into the stomach
h. Squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus gradually is replaced by columnar epithelium
i. Tears in the esophagus at the esophagogastric junction
j. Difficulty in swallowing - ANSWER: G
Esophageal atresia
a. Swallowing is painful
b. Most common cause of chronic gastritis in the United States
c. Ulcer erodes through all layers of the stomach
d. Esophagus is connected to the trachea.
e. Backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
f. Upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch
g. Difficulty passing food into the stomach
h. Squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus gradually is replaced by columnar epithelium
i. Tears in the esophagus at the esophagogastric junction
j. Difficulty in swallowing - ANSWER: F
Odynophagia
a. Swallowing is painful
b. Most common cause of chronic gastritis in the United States
c. Ulcer erodes through all layers of the stomach
d. Esophagus is connected to the trachea.
e. Backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
f. Upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch
g. Difficulty passing food into the stomach
h. Squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus gradually is replaced by columnar epithelium
i. Tears in the esophagus at the esophagogastric junction
j. Difficulty in swallowing - ANSWER: A
Health States 10th Edition By Tommie L. Norris
9781496377555 Chapter 1-52 Complete Guide
The _____ functions primarily as a conduit for passage of food and liquid from the pharynx to the
stomach. - ANSWER: esophagus
_____ anomalies of the esophagus require early detection and correction because they are
incompatible with life. - ANSWER: Congenital
_____ can result from disorders that produce narrowing of the esophagus, lack of salivary secretion,
weakness of the muscular structures that propel the food bolus, or neural networks coordinating the
swallowing mechanism. - ANSWER: Dysphagia
_____ is characterized by a protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus of the
diaphragm. - ANSWER: Hiatal Hernia
The most frequent symptom of __ is heartburn. - ANSWER: GERD
There is considerable evidence linking gastroesophageal reflux with _________. - ANSWER: Bronchial
Asthma
_____ involves mucosa! injury to the esophagus, hyperemia, and inflammation. - ANSWER: Reflux
esophagitis
Symptoms of reflux esophagitis in an _____ include evidence of pain when swallowing, hematemesis
and anemia due to esophageal bleeding, heartburn, irritability, and sudden or inconsolable crying. -
ANSWER: infant
Most squamous cell esophageal carcinomas are attributable to _____ and _____ use. - ANSWER:
Alcohol, Tobacco
The stomach lining is usually _____ to the acid it secretes, a property that allows the stomach to
contain acid and pepsin without having its wall digested. - ANSWER: Impermeable
The _____ are believed to exert their effect through improved mucosa! blood flow, decreased acid
secretion, increased bicarbonate ion secretion, and enhanced mucus production. - ANSWER:
prostaglandins
_____ refers to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. - ANSWER: Gastritis
_____ is most commonly associated with local irritants such as aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory agents, alcohol, or bacterial toxins. - ANSWER: Acute Gastritis
_____ is denoted by the absence of grossly visible erosions and the presence of chronic inflammatory
changes leading eventually to atrophy of the glandular epithelium of the stomach. - ANSWER: Chronic
Gastritis
Autoimmune gastritis results from the presence of _____ to components of gastric gland parietal cells
and intrinsic factor. - ANSWER: Autoantibodies
_____ is a term used to describe a group of ulcerative disorders that occur in areas of the upper
gastrointestinal tract that are exposed to acid-pepsin secretions. - ANSWER: Peptic Ulcer
,The most common complications of peptic ulcer are ____ _, perforation and penetration, and gastric
outlet _____ _ - ANSWER: hemorrhage, obstruction
Laboratory findings of hypochromic anemia and occult blood in the stools indicate _______ -
ANSWER: Bleeding ulcers
____ is the major physiologic mediator for hydrochloric acid secretion. - ANSWER: Histamine
Persons at high risk for development of _____ include those with large surface area burns, trauma,
sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe liver failure, and major surgical procedures. -
ANSWER: Stress Ulcers
Gastric _____ is the second most common tumor in the world. - ANSWER: Carcinoma
_____ is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by a variable combination of chronic and
recurrent intestinal symptoms not explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. - ANSWER:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
The term inflammatory bowel disease is used to designate two related inflammatory intestinal
disorders: _____ disease and ___________. - ANSWER: Crohn's , ulcerative colitis
_____ disease is a recurrent, granulomatous type of inflammatory response that can affect any area
of the gastrointestinal tract. - ANSWER: Crohn's
Ulcerative colitis is confined to the _____ and the _____ _ - ANSWER: Colon, Rectum
_____ deficiencies are common in Crohn disease because of diarrhea, steatorrhea, and other
malabsorption problems. - ANSWER: Nutritional
Characteristics of ulcerative colitis are the lesions that form in the crypts of _____ in the base of the
mucosal layer - ANSWER: Lieberkuehn
_____ of the colon is one of the feared complications of ulcerative colitis. - ANSWER: Cancer
The complications of _____ result from massive fluid loss or destruction of intestinal mucosa. -
ANSWER: Bacterial enterocolitis
_____ is a condition in which the mucosa! layer of the colon herniated through the muscularis layer. -
ANSWER: Diverticulosis
_____ is a complication of diverticulosis in which there is inflammation and gross or microscopic
perforation of the diverticulum. - ANSWER: Diverticulitis
The pain associated with _____ is caused by stretching of the appendix during the early inflammatory
process. - ANSWER: Appendicitis
The usual definition of _____ is excessively frequent passage of stools. - ANSWER: Diarrhea
Toxin-producing bacteria or other agents that disrupt the normal absorption or secretory process in
the small bowel commonly cause - ANSWER: Noninflammatory Diarrhea
_____ diarrhea is often associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable
bowel syndrome, malabsorption syndrome, endocrine disorders, or radiation colitis. - ANSWER:
Chronic
_____ is commonly associated with acute or chronic inflammation or intrinsic disease of the colon,
such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease. - ANSWER: Inflammatory Diarrhea
, ____ can be defined as the infrequent and/or difficult passage of stools. - ANSWER: Constipation
_____ is the retention of hardened or puttylike stool in the rectum and colon, which interferes with
normal passage of feces. - ANSWER: Fecal Impaction
Intestinal obstruction designates an impairment of movement of intestinal contents in a _____
direction. - ANSWER: cephalocaudal
_____ obstruction results from neurogenic or muscular impairment of peristalsis. - ANSWER: Paralytic
Peritonitis is an inflammatory response of the _____ that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the
visceral organs. - ANSWER: Serous Membranes
Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of ____ _ containing grains. -
ANSWER: Gluten
_____ provides a means for direct visualization of the rectum and colon. - ANSWER: Colonoscopy
Achalasia
a. Swallowing is painful
b. Most common cause of chronic gastritis in the United States
c. Ulcer erodes through all layers of the stomach
d. Esophagus is connected to the trachea.
e. Backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
f. Upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch
g. Difficulty passing food into the stomach
h. Squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus gradually is replaced by columnar epithelium
i. Tears in the esophagus at the esophagogastric junction
j. Difficulty in swallowing - ANSWER: G
Esophageal atresia
a. Swallowing is painful
b. Most common cause of chronic gastritis in the United States
c. Ulcer erodes through all layers of the stomach
d. Esophagus is connected to the trachea.
e. Backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
f. Upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch
g. Difficulty passing food into the stomach
h. Squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus gradually is replaced by columnar epithelium
i. Tears in the esophagus at the esophagogastric junction
j. Difficulty in swallowing - ANSWER: F
Odynophagia
a. Swallowing is painful
b. Most common cause of chronic gastritis in the United States
c. Ulcer erodes through all layers of the stomach
d. Esophagus is connected to the trachea.
e. Backward movement of gastric contents into the esophagus
f. Upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch
g. Difficulty passing food into the stomach
h. Squamous mucosa that lines the esophagus gradually is replaced by columnar epithelium
i. Tears in the esophagus at the esophagogastric junction
j. Difficulty in swallowing - ANSWER: A
