Nursing 1140
Acute pain - ´Short-term and self-limiting:
´Often follows a predictable trajectory, and dissipates after an injury heals
´Self-protective purpose:
-warns individual of actual or potential tissue damage.
Incident pain:
-that occurs predictably with certain movements
´PQRST Method of Pain Assessment - ´For each of the initials a series of questions are asked to
help qualify patient's self-report of clinical symptoms
´P = Provocation/palliation
´Q = Quality/quantity
´R = Region/radiation
´S = Severity scale
´T = Timing
· Nursing process - ´Assessment
´Diagnosis
´Outcome identification
´Planning
´Implementation
´Evaluation
´Chronic pain - can be further divided into malignant (cancer related) and nonmalignant.
´Does not stop when the injury heals
´It persists after the predicted trajectory.
´Outlasts its protective purpose
,´The level of pain intensity does not correspond with the physical findings.
´Unfortunately, many patients with chronic pain are not believed.
´Often labeled as malingers, attention seekers, drug seekers, and so forth
´Chronic pain - can be further divided into malignant (cancer related) and nonmalignant.
´In contrast, chronic (or persistent) pain is diagnosed when pain continues for 6 months or longer.
´It can last 5, 15, or 20 years and beyond.
´Malignant pain often parallels pathology created by tumor cells.
´Pain induced by tissue necrosis or stretching of an organ by growing tumor.
´The pain fluctuates within the course of the disease
´Chronic nonmalignant pain is often associated with:
´musculoskeletal conditions, such as arthritis, low back pain, or fibromyalgia
´Collaborative problems - ´Collaborative problems
´Approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines
´Evidence-based practice (EBP) - ´Integration of research evidence, clinical expertise, clinical
knowledge, and patient values and preferences
´Clinical decision making = best evidence from literature review + patient's own preference + clinician's
experience/expertise + physical exam
´First-level priority - ´Emergent, life threatening, and immediate
´Second-level priority - ´Next in urgency, requiring attention so as to avoid further deterioration
´Third-level priority - ´Important to patient's health but can be addressed after more urgent
problems are addressed
, ´Verbal descriptor scales - have the patient use words to describe pain
´Visual analog scales - have the patient mark the intensity of the pain on a horizontal line from "no
pain" to "worst pain"
ABCT - Appearance
Behavior
Cognition
Thought processes
Acculturation - the process of adapting to and acquiring another culture
aphasia - ´Impairment of language ability secondary to brain damage
assessment - ´Review of clinical record
´Interview
´Health history
´Physical examination
´Functional assessment
´Cultural and spiritual assessment
´Consultation
´Review of the literature
Assimilation - the process by which a person develops a new cultural identity and becomes like
the members of a group
Bell's Palsy - temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the
affected side of the face
Acute pain - ´Short-term and self-limiting:
´Often follows a predictable trajectory, and dissipates after an injury heals
´Self-protective purpose:
-warns individual of actual or potential tissue damage.
Incident pain:
-that occurs predictably with certain movements
´PQRST Method of Pain Assessment - ´For each of the initials a series of questions are asked to
help qualify patient's self-report of clinical symptoms
´P = Provocation/palliation
´Q = Quality/quantity
´R = Region/radiation
´S = Severity scale
´T = Timing
· Nursing process - ´Assessment
´Diagnosis
´Outcome identification
´Planning
´Implementation
´Evaluation
´Chronic pain - can be further divided into malignant (cancer related) and nonmalignant.
´Does not stop when the injury heals
´It persists after the predicted trajectory.
´Outlasts its protective purpose
,´The level of pain intensity does not correspond with the physical findings.
´Unfortunately, many patients with chronic pain are not believed.
´Often labeled as malingers, attention seekers, drug seekers, and so forth
´Chronic pain - can be further divided into malignant (cancer related) and nonmalignant.
´In contrast, chronic (or persistent) pain is diagnosed when pain continues for 6 months or longer.
´It can last 5, 15, or 20 years and beyond.
´Malignant pain often parallels pathology created by tumor cells.
´Pain induced by tissue necrosis or stretching of an organ by growing tumor.
´The pain fluctuates within the course of the disease
´Chronic nonmalignant pain is often associated with:
´musculoskeletal conditions, such as arthritis, low back pain, or fibromyalgia
´Collaborative problems - ´Collaborative problems
´Approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines
´Evidence-based practice (EBP) - ´Integration of research evidence, clinical expertise, clinical
knowledge, and patient values and preferences
´Clinical decision making = best evidence from literature review + patient's own preference + clinician's
experience/expertise + physical exam
´First-level priority - ´Emergent, life threatening, and immediate
´Second-level priority - ´Next in urgency, requiring attention so as to avoid further deterioration
´Third-level priority - ´Important to patient's health but can be addressed after more urgent
problems are addressed
, ´Verbal descriptor scales - have the patient use words to describe pain
´Visual analog scales - have the patient mark the intensity of the pain on a horizontal line from "no
pain" to "worst pain"
ABCT - Appearance
Behavior
Cognition
Thought processes
Acculturation - the process of adapting to and acquiring another culture
aphasia - ´Impairment of language ability secondary to brain damage
assessment - ´Review of clinical record
´Interview
´Health history
´Physical examination
´Functional assessment
´Cultural and spiritual assessment
´Consultation
´Review of the literature
Assimilation - the process by which a person develops a new cultural identity and becomes like
the members of a group
Bell's Palsy - temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the
affected side of the face
