Solutions Manual For Quantum Theory of Materials By
Efthimios Kaxiras; John D. Joannopoulos
Heisenberg uncertainty principle - ANSWER: states that it is impossible to determine
simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
Aufbau principle - ANSWER: an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can
receive it
Hund's rule - ANSWER: orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron
before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly
occupied orbitals must have the same spin
Pauli exclusion principle - ANSWER: no two electrons in the same atom can have the
same set of four quantum numbers
Electromagnetic radiation - ANSWER: a form of energy that exhibits wavelike
behavior
Continuous spectrum - ANSWER: the emission of a continuous range of frequencies
of electromagnetic radiation
Line-emission spectrum - ANSWER: a series of specific wavelengths of the emitted
light created when the visible portion of light from excited atoms is shined through a
prism
Frequency - ANSWER: the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time
Wavelength - ANSWER: distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
Ground state - ANSWER: the lowest energy state of an atom
Excited state - ANSWER: a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than
it has in its ground state
Photoelectric effect - ANSWER: the emission of electrons from a metal when light
shines on the metal
Electromagnetic spectrum - ANSWER: All the forms of electromagnetic radiation
Photon - ANSWER: particle of EMR having zero mass and carrying a quantum of
energy
Quantum - ANSWER: the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by
an atom
, Quantum theory - ANSWER: describes mathematically the wave properties of
electrons and other very small particles
Orbital - ANSWER: 3D region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location
of an electron
Quantum numbers - ANSWER: specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the
properties of electrons in orbitals
Principle quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by n, indicates the main energy
level occupied by the electron
Angular momentum quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by l, indicates the
shape of the orbital
Magnetic quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by m, indicates the orientation of
an orbital around the nucleus
Spin quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by s, has only two possible values-
⁺1/2 and ⁻1/2 which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an
orbital
Electron configuration - ANSWER: the arrangement of electrons in an atom
s - ANSWER: spherical, 1 orbital, 2 electrons
p - ANSWER: peanut shaped, 3 orbitals, 6 electrons
d - ANSWER: double peanut shaped, 5 orbitals, 10 electrons
f - ANSWER: flower shaped, 7 orbitals, 14 electrons
speed=frequency x wavelength - ANSWER: equation for speed of a wave
energy level - ANSWER: principle QN tells us
principle QN - ANSWER: n=1,2,3,4
energy sublevel (orbital shapes) - ANSWER: angular momentum tells us
angular momentum - ANSWER: l=0,1,2,3,
orbital (orientation in space) - ANSWER: magnetic QN tells us
magnetic QN - ANSWER: ml= -1 to +1
Efthimios Kaxiras; John D. Joannopoulos
Heisenberg uncertainty principle - ANSWER: states that it is impossible to determine
simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
Aufbau principle - ANSWER: an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can
receive it
Hund's rule - ANSWER: orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron
before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all electrons in singly
occupied orbitals must have the same spin
Pauli exclusion principle - ANSWER: no two electrons in the same atom can have the
same set of four quantum numbers
Electromagnetic radiation - ANSWER: a form of energy that exhibits wavelike
behavior
Continuous spectrum - ANSWER: the emission of a continuous range of frequencies
of electromagnetic radiation
Line-emission spectrum - ANSWER: a series of specific wavelengths of the emitted
light created when the visible portion of light from excited atoms is shined through a
prism
Frequency - ANSWER: the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time
Wavelength - ANSWER: distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
Ground state - ANSWER: the lowest energy state of an atom
Excited state - ANSWER: a state in which an atom has a higher potential energy than
it has in its ground state
Photoelectric effect - ANSWER: the emission of electrons from a metal when light
shines on the metal
Electromagnetic spectrum - ANSWER: All the forms of electromagnetic radiation
Photon - ANSWER: particle of EMR having zero mass and carrying a quantum of
energy
Quantum - ANSWER: the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by
an atom
, Quantum theory - ANSWER: describes mathematically the wave properties of
electrons and other very small particles
Orbital - ANSWER: 3D region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location
of an electron
Quantum numbers - ANSWER: specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the
properties of electrons in orbitals
Principle quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by n, indicates the main energy
level occupied by the electron
Angular momentum quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by l, indicates the
shape of the orbital
Magnetic quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by m, indicates the orientation of
an orbital around the nucleus
Spin quantum number - ANSWER: symbolized by s, has only two possible values-
⁺1/2 and ⁻1/2 which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an
orbital
Electron configuration - ANSWER: the arrangement of electrons in an atom
s - ANSWER: spherical, 1 orbital, 2 electrons
p - ANSWER: peanut shaped, 3 orbitals, 6 electrons
d - ANSWER: double peanut shaped, 5 orbitals, 10 electrons
f - ANSWER: flower shaped, 7 orbitals, 14 electrons
speed=frequency x wavelength - ANSWER: equation for speed of a wave
energy level - ANSWER: principle QN tells us
principle QN - ANSWER: n=1,2,3,4
energy sublevel (orbital shapes) - ANSWER: angular momentum tells us
angular momentum - ANSWER: l=0,1,2,3,
orbital (orientation in space) - ANSWER: magnetic QN tells us
magnetic QN - ANSWER: ml= -1 to +1
