, NSG 535 Exam- COMPLETE Guide
Common Liver Function Tests - ANSWER -Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
-Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
-Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
-bilirubin
-albumin
-prothrombin time
-gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
-5'nucleotidase
Liver functions - ANSWER -destruction of RBCs & formation of bile pigments
-protein metabolism
-synthesis of plasma proteins, fibrinogens & prothrombin
-enzyme synthesis
-conversion of ammonia to urea
-carbohydrate & fat metabolism
,-excretion of drugs, hormones
-detoxifies
application of liver function tests - ANSWER -detect presence of liver disease
-distinguish among different types of liver disorders
-gauges the extent of known liver damage
-follow response to txt
LFT categories/what do they indicate? - ANSWER -tests that measure detoxification &
excretory functions
-tests for enzymes that reflect damage to hepatocytes
-tests for enzymes that reflect cholestasis (flow of bile reduced/blocked) -tests
that measure synthetic function
Tests for enzymes that reflect damage to hepatocytes - ANSWER -aminotransferases (AST &
ALT)
-AST: enzyme present in liver, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, pancreases,
lungs, leukocytes, & RBCs
, -ALT: primary present in the Liver; enzyme
--more specific indicator of liver cell damage
--non specific/any type of liver disorder
ALT & AST levels - ANSWER -levels >1000 --> extensive hepatocellular injury (viral hepatitis,
ischemic liver disease, drug or toxin induced)
>ACUTE hepatocellular damage: ALT > AST
>Alcoholic liver disease: AST:ALT >2:1 (suggestive); >3:1 (highly suggestive)
Tests for enzymes that reflect cholestasis - ANSWER >ALP
- <3 fold increase: not specific for cholestasis
--seen in almost any type of liver disease
->4 fold increase: cholestatic liver disorder, infiltrative liver disease (cancer), bone conditions
w/ rapid bone turnover (Pagets disease)
-ALP is NOT useful to distinguish b/w intra & extra hepatic obstruction -reflective
of liver damage & cholestasis
Tests that measure detoxification & excretory functions - ANSWER >Bilirubin
Common Liver Function Tests - ANSWER -Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
-Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
-Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
-bilirubin
-albumin
-prothrombin time
-gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
-5'nucleotidase
Liver functions - ANSWER -destruction of RBCs & formation of bile pigments
-protein metabolism
-synthesis of plasma proteins, fibrinogens & prothrombin
-enzyme synthesis
-conversion of ammonia to urea
-carbohydrate & fat metabolism
,-excretion of drugs, hormones
-detoxifies
application of liver function tests - ANSWER -detect presence of liver disease
-distinguish among different types of liver disorders
-gauges the extent of known liver damage
-follow response to txt
LFT categories/what do they indicate? - ANSWER -tests that measure detoxification &
excretory functions
-tests for enzymes that reflect damage to hepatocytes
-tests for enzymes that reflect cholestasis (flow of bile reduced/blocked) -tests
that measure synthetic function
Tests for enzymes that reflect damage to hepatocytes - ANSWER -aminotransferases (AST &
ALT)
-AST: enzyme present in liver, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, pancreases,
lungs, leukocytes, & RBCs
, -ALT: primary present in the Liver; enzyme
--more specific indicator of liver cell damage
--non specific/any type of liver disorder
ALT & AST levels - ANSWER -levels >1000 --> extensive hepatocellular injury (viral hepatitis,
ischemic liver disease, drug or toxin induced)
>ACUTE hepatocellular damage: ALT > AST
>Alcoholic liver disease: AST:ALT >2:1 (suggestive); >3:1 (highly suggestive)
Tests for enzymes that reflect cholestasis - ANSWER >ALP
- <3 fold increase: not specific for cholestasis
--seen in almost any type of liver disease
->4 fold increase: cholestatic liver disorder, infiltrative liver disease (cancer), bone conditions
w/ rapid bone turnover (Pagets disease)
-ALP is NOT useful to distinguish b/w intra & extra hepatic obstruction -reflective
of liver damage & cholestasis
Tests that measure detoxification & excretory functions - ANSWER >Bilirubin
