A good detailed summary of
the chest anatomy, which has
everything important, which
could be helpful in both
anatomy and radiology
subjects.
Dr. Mustafa Alnatsheh
THORACIC Anatomy / Radiology
ANATOMY
Thorax, lungs, mediastinum and heart
,You will find:
Thoracic cage
Ribs (costa)
The intercostal space and vessels + Azygos Vien
The sternum
Diaphragm and its openings
The pleura
The trachea and the carina
The right and left main bronchus
Lungs, lobes and segments
The mediastinal divisions
The heart and its chambers
Coronary artery and its branches
The Aorta (ascending, arch and descending)
Subclavian artery
Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic veins
Lymphatic drainage system
Thymus
, Thoracic cage
• Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet):
1- T1 vertebrae 2- 1st rib 3- 1st costal cartilage 4- manubrium
• Inferior thoracic aperture outlet:
1- T12 vertebrae 2- 12th rib 3- 7th to 10th costal cartilage 4- xiphoid process
• 12 pairs ribs
• 12 thoracic vertebrae
• Costal cartilage
• Sternum
• Floor: diaphragm
• Roof: supra-pleural membrane
Ribs (costa)
• There are 12 pairs of ribs:
- 7 true (1-7)
- 3 false (8-9-10)
- 2 floating (11-12)
Typical: According to the shape of the rib: Typical, Atypical
1-head
2- neck
3- tubercle
4-shaft: has posterior angle
5- subcostal groove: more prominent on posterior, this lodges the intercostal vessels and
nerves.
# Costovertebral joint: two facets for articulation with vertebral bodies, for example the sixth rib
articulates with the bodies of T5 and T6 vertebrae. (synovial joint)
# Costotransverse joint: The tubercle has a facet medially for articulation with its own transverse
process. (synovial joint)
#The neck of the rib is attached by a ligament to the trans-verse process of the vertebra above.
, Atypical:
First rib: shortest, flattest and most curved rib
- It articulates with T1 only
- A tubercle on its inner border marks the attachment of the scalene anterior muscle
- It is grooved by the subclavian vein anteriorly.
- Posteriorly, another groove marks where the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus and the
subclavian artery.
Second rib: less curved and twice as long as the first rib
- There is a tubercle on its external (lower) border, which is often well marked on a chest
radiograph, at the site of attachment of the second head of the scalene anterior muscle.
- Attached to sternum at the angle
10th rib: only one articular facet on its head, to attach to the T10th vertebra
11th rib:
- only one articular facet on its head, to attach to the T11th vertebra
- It has no tubercle for articulation with the transverse process, no costotransverse joint.
12th rib:
- only one articular facet on its head, to attach to the T12th vertebra
- It has no tubercle for articulation with the transverse process, no costotransverse joint.
- No subcostal groove
the chest anatomy, which has
everything important, which
could be helpful in both
anatomy and radiology
subjects.
Dr. Mustafa Alnatsheh
THORACIC Anatomy / Radiology
ANATOMY
Thorax, lungs, mediastinum and heart
,You will find:
Thoracic cage
Ribs (costa)
The intercostal space and vessels + Azygos Vien
The sternum
Diaphragm and its openings
The pleura
The trachea and the carina
The right and left main bronchus
Lungs, lobes and segments
The mediastinal divisions
The heart and its chambers
Coronary artery and its branches
The Aorta (ascending, arch and descending)
Subclavian artery
Superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic veins
Lymphatic drainage system
Thymus
, Thoracic cage
• Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet):
1- T1 vertebrae 2- 1st rib 3- 1st costal cartilage 4- manubrium
• Inferior thoracic aperture outlet:
1- T12 vertebrae 2- 12th rib 3- 7th to 10th costal cartilage 4- xiphoid process
• 12 pairs ribs
• 12 thoracic vertebrae
• Costal cartilage
• Sternum
• Floor: diaphragm
• Roof: supra-pleural membrane
Ribs (costa)
• There are 12 pairs of ribs:
- 7 true (1-7)
- 3 false (8-9-10)
- 2 floating (11-12)
Typical: According to the shape of the rib: Typical, Atypical
1-head
2- neck
3- tubercle
4-shaft: has posterior angle
5- subcostal groove: more prominent on posterior, this lodges the intercostal vessels and
nerves.
# Costovertebral joint: two facets for articulation with vertebral bodies, for example the sixth rib
articulates with the bodies of T5 and T6 vertebrae. (synovial joint)
# Costotransverse joint: The tubercle has a facet medially for articulation with its own transverse
process. (synovial joint)
#The neck of the rib is attached by a ligament to the trans-verse process of the vertebra above.
, Atypical:
First rib: shortest, flattest and most curved rib
- It articulates with T1 only
- A tubercle on its inner border marks the attachment of the scalene anterior muscle
- It is grooved by the subclavian vein anteriorly.
- Posteriorly, another groove marks where the lowest trunk of the brachial plexus and the
subclavian artery.
Second rib: less curved and twice as long as the first rib
- There is a tubercle on its external (lower) border, which is often well marked on a chest
radiograph, at the site of attachment of the second head of the scalene anterior muscle.
- Attached to sternum at the angle
10th rib: only one articular facet on its head, to attach to the T10th vertebra
11th rib:
- only one articular facet on its head, to attach to the T11th vertebra
- It has no tubercle for articulation with the transverse process, no costotransverse joint.
12th rib:
- only one articular facet on its head, to attach to the T12th vertebra
- It has no tubercle for articulation with the transverse process, no costotransverse joint.
- No subcostal groove
