PRN1178 CCC2 Exam 2
1. Dental Problems
-tooth decay
-ill-fitting dentures
-mechanical soft diet can help
-more common in elderly and those of lower socioeconomic background
2. Surgical Procedures for Mouth Problems
initially, nutrient supplied with high-protein, high caloric milkshakes
3. High Protein, High-Kilocalorie Formula for Liquid Feedings
-whole milk, 3.25% milk fat: 1 cup
-egg substitute powder: 0.35 oz or equivalent of 2 eggs
-ensure plus: 1/2 cup
-sugar, granulated: 2 Tbsp
-ice cream, vanilla: 1/2 cup
-vanilla flavoring: a few drops, as desired
4. Oral Tissue Inflammation
-gingivitis
-stomatitis
-glossitis
-cheilosis
-mouth ulcers
-quite painful and can cause significant malnutrition if left untreated
,5. Salivary Gland Problems
-infections (ex. mumps attacks the parotid gland)
-mucous cysts and obstructed glands
-excess salivation versus dry mouth
-xerostomia (chronic dry mouth)
-eat more foods that have a higher liquid content
-artificial saliva can be used
6. Throat
Pharynx
7. Choking
Heimlich Maneuver
8. Dysphagia
-difficulty swallowing
-fairly common problem with certain medical conditions
-common with alzheimer's, parkinsons, stroke
-commonly caused by head and neck cancer, tooth loss, xerostomia, and muscular
weakness of larynx, head trauma, brain tumors
-symptoms: unexplained drop in food intake or repeated episodes of pneumonia from
aspiration
-diagnosed by speech-language pathologist
-thickened liquid
-modification in the texture of the diet
9. Warning Signs of Dysphagia
-reluctance to eat certain food consistencies or any food at all
, -very slow chewing or eating
-fatigue from eating
-frequent throat clearing
-complaints of food "sticking" in throat
-holding pockets of food in cheeks
-painful swallowing
-regurgitation, coughing, choking during attempted eating
-careful monitoring of patients
10. Central Tube Problems (Esophagus Problems)
-muscle spasms, uncoordinated contractions
-stricture or narrowing of the tube
-ingestion of caustic chemicals or tumor
-esophagitis
-treatment: widening of the tube
-diet: liquid to soft
-medical intervention: stretching or surgery
11. Lower Esophageal Sphincter Problems
-changes in smooth muscle
-nerve, muscle, and hormone control of peristalsis
-achalasia
-treatment: dilating or cutting the LES muscle
-postop nutrition therapy
-complications can be serious and usually require surgical interventions
1. Dental Problems
-tooth decay
-ill-fitting dentures
-mechanical soft diet can help
-more common in elderly and those of lower socioeconomic background
2. Surgical Procedures for Mouth Problems
initially, nutrient supplied with high-protein, high caloric milkshakes
3. High Protein, High-Kilocalorie Formula for Liquid Feedings
-whole milk, 3.25% milk fat: 1 cup
-egg substitute powder: 0.35 oz or equivalent of 2 eggs
-ensure plus: 1/2 cup
-sugar, granulated: 2 Tbsp
-ice cream, vanilla: 1/2 cup
-vanilla flavoring: a few drops, as desired
4. Oral Tissue Inflammation
-gingivitis
-stomatitis
-glossitis
-cheilosis
-mouth ulcers
-quite painful and can cause significant malnutrition if left untreated
,5. Salivary Gland Problems
-infections (ex. mumps attacks the parotid gland)
-mucous cysts and obstructed glands
-excess salivation versus dry mouth
-xerostomia (chronic dry mouth)
-eat more foods that have a higher liquid content
-artificial saliva can be used
6. Throat
Pharynx
7. Choking
Heimlich Maneuver
8. Dysphagia
-difficulty swallowing
-fairly common problem with certain medical conditions
-common with alzheimer's, parkinsons, stroke
-commonly caused by head and neck cancer, tooth loss, xerostomia, and muscular
weakness of larynx, head trauma, brain tumors
-symptoms: unexplained drop in food intake or repeated episodes of pneumonia from
aspiration
-diagnosed by speech-language pathologist
-thickened liquid
-modification in the texture of the diet
9. Warning Signs of Dysphagia
-reluctance to eat certain food consistencies or any food at all
, -very slow chewing or eating
-fatigue from eating
-frequent throat clearing
-complaints of food "sticking" in throat
-holding pockets of food in cheeks
-painful swallowing
-regurgitation, coughing, choking during attempted eating
-careful monitoring of patients
10. Central Tube Problems (Esophagus Problems)
-muscle spasms, uncoordinated contractions
-stricture or narrowing of the tube
-ingestion of caustic chemicals or tumor
-esophagitis
-treatment: widening of the tube
-diet: liquid to soft
-medical intervention: stretching or surgery
11. Lower Esophageal Sphincter Problems
-changes in smooth muscle
-nerve, muscle, and hormone control of peristalsis
-achalasia
-treatment: dilating or cutting the LES muscle
-postop nutrition therapy
-complications can be serious and usually require surgical interventions
