GLY2010 Exam 2 (Answered) 100%
Correct. 2024/2025.
Rock classes
sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous
cooling rates and crystal sizes
faster cooling magma= smaller crystals (don't have much time to form)
types of igneous rocks
intrusive and extrusive
intrusive igneous rocks
intrusive (plutonic) melts cool below ground
intrudes into pre-existing wall rock
MAGMA
diorite, granite, pegmatite
extrusive igneous rock
rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface
LAVA
Lava flows- streams/mounds of cool melts
Pyroclastic debris- cooled fragments
andesite, basalt, pumice, obsidian, tuff
types of sedimentary rocks
clastic, chemical, biochemical
clastic sedimentary rocks
sedimentary rocks made from weathered sediments of other rocks
CEMENTED CLASTS
breccia, sandstone, mudstone, greywacke, shale
chemical sedimentary rocks
rocks formed from minerals precipitated from a solution or left behind by evaporation
limestone, chert, coal, rock salt, dolostone, gypsum
biochemical sedimentary rocks
A sedimentary rock that forms from the chemical activities of organisms
CONTAINS FOSSILS
coquina
types of metamorphic rocks
classified as foliated or not foliated
, foliated metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks that have bands or stripes.
what are the types of foliated metamorphic rocks?
gneiss, slate, schist
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
quartzite and marble
magma vs lava
magma-underground
lava-above ground
bowen's reaction series
the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma
according to their chemical composition and melting point
fractional crystallization
changes in melt composition due to crystal formation and setting
Fe, Mg, Ca are removed as early mafic minerals settle out
remaining melt becomes enriched in Si, Al, Na, K
magma formation
Magma only forms in special tectonic settings: due to decompression melting (liquidus conditions in
which rock completely melts)
-mantle plumes
-beneath rift zones
-beneath MOR
partial melting
result of decompression melting, transformation of some part of the rock to liquid from solid
mechanisms of magma formation
only in lower crust and upper athenosphere
decompression melting
addition of volatiles
heat transfer melting
volatiles
addition of volatiles to magma formation can trigger flux melting
volatiles help break chemical bonds , effectively lower the melting temperature of a hot rock (usually
seen at subduction zones)
viscosity
Correct. 2024/2025.
Rock classes
sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous
cooling rates and crystal sizes
faster cooling magma= smaller crystals (don't have much time to form)
types of igneous rocks
intrusive and extrusive
intrusive igneous rocks
intrusive (plutonic) melts cool below ground
intrudes into pre-existing wall rock
MAGMA
diorite, granite, pegmatite
extrusive igneous rock
rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at Earth's surface
LAVA
Lava flows- streams/mounds of cool melts
Pyroclastic debris- cooled fragments
andesite, basalt, pumice, obsidian, tuff
types of sedimentary rocks
clastic, chemical, biochemical
clastic sedimentary rocks
sedimentary rocks made from weathered sediments of other rocks
CEMENTED CLASTS
breccia, sandstone, mudstone, greywacke, shale
chemical sedimentary rocks
rocks formed from minerals precipitated from a solution or left behind by evaporation
limestone, chert, coal, rock salt, dolostone, gypsum
biochemical sedimentary rocks
A sedimentary rock that forms from the chemical activities of organisms
CONTAINS FOSSILS
coquina
types of metamorphic rocks
classified as foliated or not foliated
, foliated metamorphic rocks
Metamorphic rocks that have bands or stripes.
what are the types of foliated metamorphic rocks?
gneiss, slate, schist
Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rocks
quartzite and marble
magma vs lava
magma-underground
lava-above ground
bowen's reaction series
the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma
according to their chemical composition and melting point
fractional crystallization
changes in melt composition due to crystal formation and setting
Fe, Mg, Ca are removed as early mafic minerals settle out
remaining melt becomes enriched in Si, Al, Na, K
magma formation
Magma only forms in special tectonic settings: due to decompression melting (liquidus conditions in
which rock completely melts)
-mantle plumes
-beneath rift zones
-beneath MOR
partial melting
result of decompression melting, transformation of some part of the rock to liquid from solid
mechanisms of magma formation
only in lower crust and upper athenosphere
decompression melting
addition of volatiles
heat transfer melting
volatiles
addition of volatiles to magma formation can trigger flux melting
volatiles help break chemical bonds , effectively lower the melting temperature of a hot rock (usually
seen at subduction zones)
viscosity
