Samenvatting Alle Werkgroep Antwoorden & Docentuitleg + Uitgeschreven Knowledge Video's

ARM vak
Inhoudsopgave
Week 1......................................................................................................................................................................3

Knowledge video 1 – Directed Acyclid Graphs (DAG)........................................................................................3

Workgroup session 1: DAGs..................................................................................................................................6
Part l. Preperation for workgroup session..........................................................................................................6
Workgroup Powerpoint Information....................................................................................................................8
Part ll. Answers to be prepared during workgroup session.................................................................................9

Week 2 en 3............................................................................................................................................................12

Knowledge video 2 – Ordinary Least Squares (lll) (OLS regression)..............................................................12

Knowledge video 3 - OLS versus logistic regression..........................................................................................15

Knowledge video 4 – Table 2 Fallacy...................................................................................................................18

Workgroup session 2: Interpretation of study results (l)..................................................................................22
Part l, answers to be prepared before workgroup session.................................................................................22
Part ll, answers to be prepared during workgroup session...............................................................................23
Research case 2: Interpreting study results using OLS regression...................................................................25
Part l. Answers to be prepared before workgroup session................................................................................25

Week 4....................................................................................................................................................................27

Lecture 3 – OLS and Logistic regression............................................................................................................27

Knowledge video 4.1 – Introduction qualitative research.................................................................................28

Knowledge video 4.2..............................................................................................................................................28

Knowledge video 4.3..............................................................................................................................................28

Workgroup session 3: Interpretation of study results (ll).................................................................................29
Part l, answers to be prepared before workgroup session.................................................................................29
Part ll, answers to be prepared before workgroup session...............................................................................31
Research case 2: Calculating and interpreting odds ratios...............................................................................33
Part l, answers to be prepared before workgroup session..............................................................................33
Part ll, answers to be prepared during workgroup session............................................................................34

Workgroup session 4: positioning a qualitative study.......................................................................................35
Assignment 1 (prepare at home)........................................................................................................................35
Case 1 (in class).................................................................................................................................................35
Assignment 2 (in class).......................................................................................................................................35

Week 5.....................................................................................................................................................................36


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,Knowledge video 5 - Etnography in healthcare research .................................................................................36

Workgroup session 5: Discourse analysis...........................................................................................................41
Case 1 (prepare at home)...................................................................................................................................41
Werkgroep informatie........................................................................................................................................41
Assignment 1 (prepare at home)........................................................................................................................42
Assignment 2 (in class).......................................................................................................................................44
Case 2 (in class).................................................................................................................................................44
Assignment 3 (in class).......................................................................................................................................45

Week 6....................................................................................................................................................................47

Knowledge video....................................................................................................................................................47

Workgroup session 6: Organizational ethnography and the use of theory.....................................................47
Case 1 (read in advance)...................................................................................................................................47
Case 2 (read in advance)...................................................................................................................................47
Assignment (in class)..........................................................................................................................................47

Workgroup session 7: Assessing the quality of qualitative research................................................................48
Assignment 1 (prepare at home)........................................................................................................................48
Case (in class)....................................................................................................................................................48
Assignment 2 (in class).......................................................................................................................................48




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,  Week 1
Knowledge video 1 – Directed Acyclid Graphs (DAG)
Doel video:
- Begrijpen DAG
- DAG regels toepassen als antwoord op de onderzoeksvraag

DAGs zijn grafische representaties/weergaves van de causale structuur die ten grondslag ligt
aan een onderzoeskvraag.
Bijvoorbeeld: wat is de invloed van naar de sportschool gaan op de gezondheid van mensen
 het is niet voldoende om te weten dat iemand naar de sportschool gaat om de vraag
(unbias) te beantwoorden. Het gaat er ook om hoe lang ze naar de gym gaan, welke
oefeningen ze doen, of ze een gezonde leefstijl hebt, of ze ziektes hebben etc. Dat kan effect
hebben op hoe ze gymen of hoe de gezondheid is. In andere woorden, je moet de
onderliggende structuur weten voordat je het gedrag/uitkomst goed kan meten.

- DAGs helpen om te visualiseren wat de causel structuur is van de onderliggende
onderzoeksvraag
- Je hebt theoretische/vakkundige kennis nodig over de causale structuur om een DAG
te kunnen opstellen (bijvoorbeeld de eerdere studies, literatuur, gezond verstand…)
- Verzamel gegevens over alle relevante variabelen
- Er kunnen ‘eenvoudige’ regels worden toegepast om te bepalen voor welke
variabelen een regressieanalyse moet worden uitgevoerd en hoe de resultaten
moeten worden geïnterpreteerd.

DAG – terminiologie
1. Paths
2. Causal paths and backdoor paths
3. Open and closed paths, and collides
4. Blocking open paths
5. Opening blocked paths


1. Paths
Paths zijn direct gerelateerd aan de onderzoeksvraag.




Ze starten altijd bij exposure X en eindigen bij exposure Y
Paths hoeven niet de richting van de pijlen te volgen

Vraag: Hoeveel paden zijn er tussen exposure X en exposure Y?

3

, Antwoord: 4 paden

2. Causal paths and backdoor paths
RQ: invloed van X of Y?




Een causal path volgt de richting van de pijlen
Een backdoor path doet dat niet

Vraag: Hoeveel causal paths zijn er tussen exposure X en exposure Y en hoeveel backdoor
paths?
Antwoord: 2 causal paths en 2 backdoor paths
Causal paths:
XY
XVY

Backdoor paths:
XLY
XWY

3. Open and closed paths, and collides
RQ: invloed van X of Y?




Alle paden zijn open zijn open, behalve als ze botsen (collide) ergens op een pad
Alle paden zijn closed als pijlen botsen (collide) in een variabele op het pad

Vraag: Hoeveel paden zijn open en hoeveel closed?
Antwoord: 3 open, 1 closed
Open:
XY
XVY
XLY

Closed: (W) is een collider
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