Queen's University - PSYC 203 – Final Practice Questions
With Complete Solutions
________ effects sometimes make it difficult for developmental
psychologists to interpret the results of cross-sectional studies.
a. Cohort
b. Sequence
c. Attrition
d. Good subject Correct Answer a. CORRECT ANSWER - this
is especially true if the different groups are far apart in age
(e.g., 10 years)
b. this is a problem for within-subjects designs and a cross-
sectional design is a between-
subjects design
c. this is a problem for developmental psychologists using
longitudinal designs
d. this could be a problem in any kind of designs, not just a
cross-sectional study
________ is a threat to internal validity that comes about
because the effects of some significant event occurring between
pretest and posttest. Correct Answer History
_________ sampling is used in situations when researchers do
not have access to the names of the entire population being
studied. Correct Answer Cluster
___________ thinking occurs in science when a researcher sees
a connection between two seemingly unrelated ideas. Correct
Answer Creative
,____________ procedures are often used in research to avoid
experimenter bias; these procedures also reduce participant bias.
Correct Answer Double Blind
_____________ is a type of scientific fraud that involves
deliberately using the ideas of someone else without giving
proper credit to the source. Correct Answer Plagiarism
. Neal Miller's article on the use of animals in psychological
research is described in Chapter 2. According to Miller,
a. using animals is OK for medical research, but animals
shouldn't be used to study
psychology
b. psychology could not progress without studying animals,
especially when you consider
that about half of all research in psychology uses animals
c. animal research should be limited to primates because they
are more similar to
humans than other animals
d. studying animal behaviour not only benefits humans, animals
benefit as well Correct Answer a. using animals is OK for both
medical and psychological research
b. less than 10% of research in psychology uses animals
c. Miller didn't argue this, nor would other advocates of animal
research
d. CORRECT ANSWER - for example, improving zoos
"Do people become more religious as they age?" is an example
of an empirical question. An example of a specific __________
would be "People who are age 70 are more likely to attend
,church than people who are age 50." Correct Answer
Hypothesis
A ______ factorial design includes at least one between-subjects
factor and at least one within-subjects factor. Correct Answer
Mixed
A ___________ control group is especially likely to be found in
research evaluating the effectiveness of some new type of
therapy Correct Answer Waiting List
A 2 × 3 × 4 factorial design has (a) how many IVs, (b) how
many levels of each IV, and (c) how many total conditions?
(CH8) Correct Answer a. 3
b. 2, 3, and 4
c. 24
A 2x3x4 factorial design has
a. at least one between-subjects factor
b. nine different conditions (2 plus 3 plus 4)
c. three different independent variables
d. twenty-four independent variables (2 times 3 times 4) Correct
Answer a. not necessarily - all could be within-subjects factors
b. there are 24 different conditions in the study (2 times 3 times
4)
c. CORRECT ANSWER - the three IVs have 2, 3, and 4 levels,
respectively
d. there are 24 different conditions, not 24 independent variables
A 3x3 factorial design uses five people in the upper left cell of
the factorial matrix. Thus, ______ people will need to be
, recruited for this study if it is an independent groups factorial,
______ will be needed for a mixed factorial, and ______ will be
needed for a repeated measures factorial.
a. 45; 15; 5
b. 30; 15; 5
c. 45; 30; 15
d. 45; 30; 5 Correct Answer a. CORRECT ANSWER - 9
groups and 5 per group; three different groups and 5 per group;
5 serve in all 9 cells
b. consult the examples in Figure 8.11 of the text to see why this
is wrong
c. consult the examples in Figure 8.11 of the text to see why this
is wrong
d. consult the examples in Figure 8.11 of the text to see why this
is wrong
A box containing cell means for each of the conditions in a
factorial study is called a ____________ Correct Answer
Factorial Matrix
A cost-effectiveness analysis answers which of the following
questions?
a. is this program running as it was designed to run?
b. did the program produce significant results?
c. should we continue with program A or program B, both of
which seem to work?
d. does the community desire this program? Correct Answer a.
this is a formative evaluation question
b. this is a formative summative question
c. CORRECT ANSWER - two programs that are about equal in
effectiveness might differ
With Complete Solutions
________ effects sometimes make it difficult for developmental
psychologists to interpret the results of cross-sectional studies.
a. Cohort
b. Sequence
c. Attrition
d. Good subject Correct Answer a. CORRECT ANSWER - this
is especially true if the different groups are far apart in age
(e.g., 10 years)
b. this is a problem for within-subjects designs and a cross-
sectional design is a between-
subjects design
c. this is a problem for developmental psychologists using
longitudinal designs
d. this could be a problem in any kind of designs, not just a
cross-sectional study
________ is a threat to internal validity that comes about
because the effects of some significant event occurring between
pretest and posttest. Correct Answer History
_________ sampling is used in situations when researchers do
not have access to the names of the entire population being
studied. Correct Answer Cluster
___________ thinking occurs in science when a researcher sees
a connection between two seemingly unrelated ideas. Correct
Answer Creative
,____________ procedures are often used in research to avoid
experimenter bias; these procedures also reduce participant bias.
Correct Answer Double Blind
_____________ is a type of scientific fraud that involves
deliberately using the ideas of someone else without giving
proper credit to the source. Correct Answer Plagiarism
. Neal Miller's article on the use of animals in psychological
research is described in Chapter 2. According to Miller,
a. using animals is OK for medical research, but animals
shouldn't be used to study
psychology
b. psychology could not progress without studying animals,
especially when you consider
that about half of all research in psychology uses animals
c. animal research should be limited to primates because they
are more similar to
humans than other animals
d. studying animal behaviour not only benefits humans, animals
benefit as well Correct Answer a. using animals is OK for both
medical and psychological research
b. less than 10% of research in psychology uses animals
c. Miller didn't argue this, nor would other advocates of animal
research
d. CORRECT ANSWER - for example, improving zoos
"Do people become more religious as they age?" is an example
of an empirical question. An example of a specific __________
would be "People who are age 70 are more likely to attend
,church than people who are age 50." Correct Answer
Hypothesis
A ______ factorial design includes at least one between-subjects
factor and at least one within-subjects factor. Correct Answer
Mixed
A ___________ control group is especially likely to be found in
research evaluating the effectiveness of some new type of
therapy Correct Answer Waiting List
A 2 × 3 × 4 factorial design has (a) how many IVs, (b) how
many levels of each IV, and (c) how many total conditions?
(CH8) Correct Answer a. 3
b. 2, 3, and 4
c. 24
A 2x3x4 factorial design has
a. at least one between-subjects factor
b. nine different conditions (2 plus 3 plus 4)
c. three different independent variables
d. twenty-four independent variables (2 times 3 times 4) Correct
Answer a. not necessarily - all could be within-subjects factors
b. there are 24 different conditions in the study (2 times 3 times
4)
c. CORRECT ANSWER - the three IVs have 2, 3, and 4 levels,
respectively
d. there are 24 different conditions, not 24 independent variables
A 3x3 factorial design uses five people in the upper left cell of
the factorial matrix. Thus, ______ people will need to be
, recruited for this study if it is an independent groups factorial,
______ will be needed for a mixed factorial, and ______ will be
needed for a repeated measures factorial.
a. 45; 15; 5
b. 30; 15; 5
c. 45; 30; 15
d. 45; 30; 5 Correct Answer a. CORRECT ANSWER - 9
groups and 5 per group; three different groups and 5 per group;
5 serve in all 9 cells
b. consult the examples in Figure 8.11 of the text to see why this
is wrong
c. consult the examples in Figure 8.11 of the text to see why this
is wrong
d. consult the examples in Figure 8.11 of the text to see why this
is wrong
A box containing cell means for each of the conditions in a
factorial study is called a ____________ Correct Answer
Factorial Matrix
A cost-effectiveness analysis answers which of the following
questions?
a. is this program running as it was designed to run?
b. did the program produce significant results?
c. should we continue with program A or program B, both of
which seem to work?
d. does the community desire this program? Correct Answer a.
this is a formative evaluation question
b. this is a formative summative question
c. CORRECT ANSWER - two programs that are about equal in
effectiveness might differ
