Notes of Little book of
psychology
The Biological Approach
The lobes of the brain
- Frontal lobe : executive functions, decision-making, creative thinking
- Temporal lobe : memories and language
- Parietal lobe: perceive, interpret
- Occipital lobe: process information from our eyes
The Psychodynamic Approach
The tripartite personality
- The Id: Unconscious mind, instinctual, Impulsive
- The Superego: Unconscious mind, can influence our conscious
thought, represents moral principles
- The ego: conscious self, Ruled by the ‘reality principle’.
- Reality principle: Working out realistic ways to satisfy the Id’s
demands, while also being able to function in society.
- needs to protect itself from unreasonable demands from the Id
and Superego -> Defence mechansims
Defence mechanisms
-Repression
-> traumatic or disturbing thoughts are blocked from consciousness
-> inability to remember said trauma
-denial
-> mind refusing to accept a reality
-> for example, refusing that you lost someone
-projection
->unacceptable thoughts are attributed to another person
->can conclude in imagining not getting on with someone because they hate you, when
in fact is is you who dislikes them
-displacement
-unacceptable thought or impulses are directed onto another, less threatening, person or
object
-for example, smashing a cup instead of hitting a person you are arguing with.
, Archetypes
- the persona
- metaphorical social masks-> to adapt to the world around us.
- The shadow
- Life instincts
- The anima/animus
- Related to biological gender, feminine aspects of the male psyche, male aspects of the female
psyche.
- The self
- Centre of a person’s personality
The Behaviourist Approach
- Current behaviours are the result of all of your previous experiences
- Measuring cause and effect
- Skinner went on to argue that free will is an illusion.
Systematic desensitization
- Method to relearn responses to stimuli
- because of a concept known as reciprocal inhibition
- The inability to feel two opposing emotions
The Cognitive Approach
- Investigating the thought processes behind our actions
Jean piaget
Three main areas of knowledge
- Physical knowledge (knowledge about phsyical objects)
- Logical-mathematical knowledge (knowledge about abstract concepts)
- Social-arbitrary knowledge (knowledge about culturally specific concepts)
psychology
The Biological Approach
The lobes of the brain
- Frontal lobe : executive functions, decision-making, creative thinking
- Temporal lobe : memories and language
- Parietal lobe: perceive, interpret
- Occipital lobe: process information from our eyes
The Psychodynamic Approach
The tripartite personality
- The Id: Unconscious mind, instinctual, Impulsive
- The Superego: Unconscious mind, can influence our conscious
thought, represents moral principles
- The ego: conscious self, Ruled by the ‘reality principle’.
- Reality principle: Working out realistic ways to satisfy the Id’s
demands, while also being able to function in society.
- needs to protect itself from unreasonable demands from the Id
and Superego -> Defence mechansims
Defence mechanisms
-Repression
-> traumatic or disturbing thoughts are blocked from consciousness
-> inability to remember said trauma
-denial
-> mind refusing to accept a reality
-> for example, refusing that you lost someone
-projection
->unacceptable thoughts are attributed to another person
->can conclude in imagining not getting on with someone because they hate you, when
in fact is is you who dislikes them
-displacement
-unacceptable thought or impulses are directed onto another, less threatening, person or
object
-for example, smashing a cup instead of hitting a person you are arguing with.
, Archetypes
- the persona
- metaphorical social masks-> to adapt to the world around us.
- The shadow
- Life instincts
- The anima/animus
- Related to biological gender, feminine aspects of the male psyche, male aspects of the female
psyche.
- The self
- Centre of a person’s personality
The Behaviourist Approach
- Current behaviours are the result of all of your previous experiences
- Measuring cause and effect
- Skinner went on to argue that free will is an illusion.
Systematic desensitization
- Method to relearn responses to stimuli
- because of a concept known as reciprocal inhibition
- The inability to feel two opposing emotions
The Cognitive Approach
- Investigating the thought processes behind our actions
Jean piaget
Three main areas of knowledge
- Physical knowledge (knowledge about phsyical objects)
- Logical-mathematical knowledge (knowledge about abstract concepts)
- Social-arbitrary knowledge (knowledge about culturally specific concepts)
