Political Structures & Processes of the EU Maxime Lermyte 2019-2020
POLITCAL STRUCTURES & PROCESSES OF THE EU
A. MATTELAER
2019-2020
1
,Political Structures & Processes of the EU Maxime Lermyte 2019-2020
Inhoudsopgave
CLASS 1: INTRODUCTION: WHY STUDY EUROPEAN INTEGRATION? (3 reasons)....................................8
CLASS 2: A SHORT HISTORY OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION.....................................................................9
1. Economic Integration..........................................................................................................................9
2. Security Cooperation........................................................................................................................10
3. Uniting the Continent.......................................................................................................................10
3.1 European Recovery Programme: 1948.......................................................................................10
3.2 On Coal and Steel: 1951..............................................................................................................11
3.3 European Economic Community: 1957.......................................................................................11
3.4 The 1986 Single European Act....................................................................................................12
3.5 Maastricht Treaty 1992...............................................................................................................12
3.6 Amsterdam Treaty 1997.............................................................................................................13
3.7 Nice Treaty 2001.........................................................................................................................13
3.8 Treaty of Lisbon 2007.................................................................................................................13
4. Deep Politics of Integration..............................................................................................................13
CLASS 3: INSTITUTIONS: THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL AND THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS........................14
1. TEU...................................................................................................................................................14
1.1 Art 1............................................................................................................................................14
1.2 Art 13..........................................................................................................................................14
2. The European Council.......................................................................................................................15
3. The Council of Ministers...................................................................................................................15
3.1 Council Support Structures.........................................................................................................16
4. Intergovernmental Bargaining..........................................................................................................17
4.1 Qualified Majority Voting...........................................................................................................17
5. Treaty Change...................................................................................................................................18
6. Towards Economic Union.................................................................................................................18
7. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................19
CLASS 4: INSTITUTIONS: EUROPEAN COMMISSION & EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT.................................20
1. Appointing the Commission..............................................................................................................20
2. European Commission Functions......................................................................................................21
3. What Commission?...........................................................................................................................22
4. European Parliament Composition...................................................................................................22
4.1 European Elections 2019............................................................................................................23
5. European Parliament Roles..............................................................................................................24
2
,Political Structures & Processes of the EU Maxime Lermyte 2019-2020
5.1 Legislative Role...........................................................................................................................24
5.2 Budgetary Role...........................................................................................................................24
5.3 Supervisory Role.........................................................................................................................24
6. Types of Decision-making.................................................................................................................25
6.1 Consultation Procedure..............................................................................................................25
6.2 Ordinary Legislative Procedure...................................................................................................25
6.3 Consent Procedure.....................................................................................................................25
7. European Parliament Leadership......................................................................................................25
8. Working of European Parliament Committee...................................................................................26
CLASS 5: LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES & TREATY CHANGE......................................................................27
1. EU Law..............................................................................................................................................27
1.1 Primary law.................................................................................................................................27
1.2 Secondary Law............................................................................................................................27
2. Court of Justice of the European Union............................................................................................28
3. A Question of Competences.............................................................................................................29
3.1 EU Exclusive Competences.........................................................................................................29
3.2 EU/MS Shared Competences......................................................................................................30
3.3 Supplemental EU Action.............................................................................................................30
4. Legislative Procedures......................................................................................................................31
4.1 Ordinary Legislative Procedure...................................................................................................31
4.2 Special Legislative Procedures....................................................................................................33
4.3 Delegated and Implementing Acts..............................................................................................33
5. Open Method of Coordination.........................................................................................................33
6. Treaty Change...................................................................................................................................34
CLASS 6: THE EU BUDGET.....................................................................................................................35
1. Facts & Figures about the EU Budget...............................................................................................36
2. The EU Budget..................................................................................................................................36
2.1 Who decides (political control)?.................................................................................................36
2.2 Planning framework and actual Annual Budget..........................................................................36
2.3 Income........................................................................................................................................37
2.4 Expenses.....................................................................................................................................38
3. The Budget and the Policy Agenda...................................................................................................39
CLASS 7: THE SINGLE MARKET & THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY............................................40
1. Political Integration..........................................................................................................................40
2. The European Single Market.............................................................................................................40
2.1 Single European Act (1986).........................................................................................................41
3
, Political Structures & Processes of the EU Maxime Lermyte 2019-2020
2.2 One Single Market, Four Pillars...................................................................................................41
2.2.1 Customs Union.....................................................................................................................41
2.2.2 Free movement of services..................................................................................................42
2.2.3 Approximation of laws.........................................................................................................42
2.2.4 Competition Policy...............................................................................................................42
2.3 The spillover problem.................................................................................................................43
3. The Common Agricultural Policy.......................................................................................................43
3.1 The politics of the CAP................................................................................................................43
3.2 CAP objectives............................................................................................................................44
3.3 CAP mechanisms.........................................................................................................................44
3.4 Britain and the CAP.....................................................................................................................44
CLASS 8: BREXIT: STATE OF PLAY – Bart Vodderrie...............................................................................45
1. Intro..................................................................................................................................................45
2. Timeline............................................................................................................................................45
3. The Revised Deal..............................................................................................................................46
3.1 Protocols on Ireland and Northern Ireland.................................................................................46
4. Economic Impact UK.........................................................................................................................47
5. Economic Impact EU27/BE...............................................................................................................47
6. Preparedness/Contingency EU.........................................................................................................48
7. Negotiations Future Relationship & Extension of Transition Period.................................................48
8. Political Situation in UK.....................................................................................................................49
9. Key messages....................................................................................................................................49
CLASS 9: ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE & MONETARY UNION..................................................................50
1. The Werner Plan...............................................................................................................................50
1.1 Euro-Dollar..................................................................................................................................50
1.2 Werner........................................................................................................................................50
2. Early steps.........................................................................................................................................51
3. The Delors Report.............................................................................................................................51
4. The EMU Roadmap...........................................................................................................................52
4.1 Institution Process: 1990-1993...................................................................................................52
4.1.1 German Reunification..........................................................................................................52
4.2 Institution Building: 1994-1998..................................................................................................52
4.3 Lock-it: 1999-…...........................................................................................................................53
5. Two Pillars........................................................................................................................................53
5.1 Economic Policy Coordination....................................................................................................53
5.2 Monetary Policy Integration.......................................................................................................53
4
POLITCAL STRUCTURES & PROCESSES OF THE EU
A. MATTELAER
2019-2020
1
,Political Structures & Processes of the EU Maxime Lermyte 2019-2020
Inhoudsopgave
CLASS 1: INTRODUCTION: WHY STUDY EUROPEAN INTEGRATION? (3 reasons)....................................8
CLASS 2: A SHORT HISTORY OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION.....................................................................9
1. Economic Integration..........................................................................................................................9
2. Security Cooperation........................................................................................................................10
3. Uniting the Continent.......................................................................................................................10
3.1 European Recovery Programme: 1948.......................................................................................10
3.2 On Coal and Steel: 1951..............................................................................................................11
3.3 European Economic Community: 1957.......................................................................................11
3.4 The 1986 Single European Act....................................................................................................12
3.5 Maastricht Treaty 1992...............................................................................................................12
3.6 Amsterdam Treaty 1997.............................................................................................................13
3.7 Nice Treaty 2001.........................................................................................................................13
3.8 Treaty of Lisbon 2007.................................................................................................................13
4. Deep Politics of Integration..............................................................................................................13
CLASS 3: INSTITUTIONS: THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL AND THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS........................14
1. TEU...................................................................................................................................................14
1.1 Art 1............................................................................................................................................14
1.2 Art 13..........................................................................................................................................14
2. The European Council.......................................................................................................................15
3. The Council of Ministers...................................................................................................................15
3.1 Council Support Structures.........................................................................................................16
4. Intergovernmental Bargaining..........................................................................................................17
4.1 Qualified Majority Voting...........................................................................................................17
5. Treaty Change...................................................................................................................................18
6. Towards Economic Union.................................................................................................................18
7. Conclusion........................................................................................................................................19
CLASS 4: INSTITUTIONS: EUROPEAN COMMISSION & EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT.................................20
1. Appointing the Commission..............................................................................................................20
2. European Commission Functions......................................................................................................21
3. What Commission?...........................................................................................................................22
4. European Parliament Composition...................................................................................................22
4.1 European Elections 2019............................................................................................................23
5. European Parliament Roles..............................................................................................................24
2
,Political Structures & Processes of the EU Maxime Lermyte 2019-2020
5.1 Legislative Role...........................................................................................................................24
5.2 Budgetary Role...........................................................................................................................24
5.3 Supervisory Role.........................................................................................................................24
6. Types of Decision-making.................................................................................................................25
6.1 Consultation Procedure..............................................................................................................25
6.2 Ordinary Legislative Procedure...................................................................................................25
6.3 Consent Procedure.....................................................................................................................25
7. European Parliament Leadership......................................................................................................25
8. Working of European Parliament Committee...................................................................................26
CLASS 5: LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES & TREATY CHANGE......................................................................27
1. EU Law..............................................................................................................................................27
1.1 Primary law.................................................................................................................................27
1.2 Secondary Law............................................................................................................................27
2. Court of Justice of the European Union............................................................................................28
3. A Question of Competences.............................................................................................................29
3.1 EU Exclusive Competences.........................................................................................................29
3.2 EU/MS Shared Competences......................................................................................................30
3.3 Supplemental EU Action.............................................................................................................30
4. Legislative Procedures......................................................................................................................31
4.1 Ordinary Legislative Procedure...................................................................................................31
4.2 Special Legislative Procedures....................................................................................................33
4.3 Delegated and Implementing Acts..............................................................................................33
5. Open Method of Coordination.........................................................................................................33
6. Treaty Change...................................................................................................................................34
CLASS 6: THE EU BUDGET.....................................................................................................................35
1. Facts & Figures about the EU Budget...............................................................................................36
2. The EU Budget..................................................................................................................................36
2.1 Who decides (political control)?.................................................................................................36
2.2 Planning framework and actual Annual Budget..........................................................................36
2.3 Income........................................................................................................................................37
2.4 Expenses.....................................................................................................................................38
3. The Budget and the Policy Agenda...................................................................................................39
CLASS 7: THE SINGLE MARKET & THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY............................................40
1. Political Integration..........................................................................................................................40
2. The European Single Market.............................................................................................................40
2.1 Single European Act (1986).........................................................................................................41
3
, Political Structures & Processes of the EU Maxime Lermyte 2019-2020
2.2 One Single Market, Four Pillars...................................................................................................41
2.2.1 Customs Union.....................................................................................................................41
2.2.2 Free movement of services..................................................................................................42
2.2.3 Approximation of laws.........................................................................................................42
2.2.4 Competition Policy...............................................................................................................42
2.3 The spillover problem.................................................................................................................43
3. The Common Agricultural Policy.......................................................................................................43
3.1 The politics of the CAP................................................................................................................43
3.2 CAP objectives............................................................................................................................44
3.3 CAP mechanisms.........................................................................................................................44
3.4 Britain and the CAP.....................................................................................................................44
CLASS 8: BREXIT: STATE OF PLAY – Bart Vodderrie...............................................................................45
1. Intro..................................................................................................................................................45
2. Timeline............................................................................................................................................45
3. The Revised Deal..............................................................................................................................46
3.1 Protocols on Ireland and Northern Ireland.................................................................................46
4. Economic Impact UK.........................................................................................................................47
5. Economic Impact EU27/BE...............................................................................................................47
6. Preparedness/Contingency EU.........................................................................................................48
7. Negotiations Future Relationship & Extension of Transition Period.................................................48
8. Political Situation in UK.....................................................................................................................49
9. Key messages....................................................................................................................................49
CLASS 9: ECONOMIC GOVERNANCE & MONETARY UNION..................................................................50
1. The Werner Plan...............................................................................................................................50
1.1 Euro-Dollar..................................................................................................................................50
1.2 Werner........................................................................................................................................50
2. Early steps.........................................................................................................................................51
3. The Delors Report.............................................................................................................................51
4. The EMU Roadmap...........................................................................................................................52
4.1 Institution Process: 1990-1993...................................................................................................52
4.1.1 German Reunification..........................................................................................................52
4.2 Institution Building: 1994-1998..................................................................................................52
4.3 Lock-it: 1999-…...........................................................................................................................53
5. Two Pillars........................................................................................................................................53
5.1 Economic Policy Coordination....................................................................................................53
5.2 Monetary Policy Integration.......................................................................................................53
4
