BIOD 121 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM ALL
85 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Healthy pregnancy - ANSWER: adequate intake of vitamins and minerals
healthy body weight
controlling existing health conditions
avoidance of teratogens
Teratogens - ANSWER: compounds that can increase the risk of a birth defect
caffeine, drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.
Tobacco: miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and low birth weight infants
alcohol: FAS, physical and mental disabilities and growth retardation
drugs: low birth weight, preterm delivery, miscarriage, birth defects, and infant
addiction.
Blastogenic stage - ANSWER: (Day 1 to 14): A period of rapid cell division Day 14: An
embryo is formed.
Embryonic stage - ANSWER: (Week 2 to 8): The organ system develops. Week 5: The
heart begins to beat. Week 8: The embryo is now known as a fetus.
Fetal Stage - ANSWER: (Week 9 to 40): Period of continual growth and development
zygote - ANSWER: formed from combination of egg and sperm
placenta - ANSWER: provides oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the
fetus and also allows for the transfer of waste from the fetus and into the mother's
system for excretion
first trimester - ANSWER: exposure to toxins and inadequate nutrient intake can
have an adverse effect on the fetus
quality of the mother's diet is more important than the quantity
second trimester - ANSWER: development of the hands, feet, arms, and legs occurs,
and the fetus begins to resemble a baby
physiological changes to mom's body in order to support the pregnancy and prepare
for birth.
third trimester - ANSWER: fetus will double in length and will increase weight to
approximately 7 to 9 pounds.
low birth weight (LBW) - ANSWER: a birth weight of less than 5.5 pounds
, small for gestational age (SGA) - ANSWER: an infant small in size, measured relative
to its gestational stage
calorie during pregnancy - ANSWER: quality more important than quantity
need for certain nutrients increase by 50% during pregnancy.
calorie needs during the second and third trimester only increases by approximately
20%.
adequate weight gain - ANSWER: 25-35 pounds total
1-4 pounds during the first trimester and then approximately 1 pound per week
during the remainder of the pregnancy.
Underweight: 28 to 40 pounds
Normal: 25 to 35 pounds
Overweight: 15 to 25 pounds
Obese: 11 to 20 pounds
increased protein/carbohydrate needs - ANSWER: Pregnant moms require an
additional 25 grams protein per day above RDA
inadequate carbs --> ketones, harmful to fetal brain
vitamin needs - ANSWER: Folate is needed for cell development and the synthesis of
DNA. Without adequate folate, the pregnant mom may develop anemia and fetus
may have neural tube defects
increased mineral needs - ANSWER: especially true of iodide, zinc, iron, and calcium.
iron: required due to increased blood volume as well as to provide iron stores to the
fetus. anemia --> preterm delivery, low birth weight infants, and increased risk for
fetal death.
Calcium: needed in the formation of the baby's teeth, bones, muscles, and heart. The
fetus will rob the mom of her stores if intake is inadequate.
gestational diabetes - ANSWER: Hormones synthesized by the placenta may interfere
with insulin production and blood glucose control.
Women over the age of 35, those with a family history of diabetes, and women who
are overweight are at risk
can lead to a large baby, necessitating a C-section and increased risk of trauma at
birth.
preeclampsia - ANSWER: Edema, or swelling of the tissues, occurs as well as
increased blood pressure, protein in the urine, and changes in blood clotting. Left
untreated, kidney failure, convulsions, and death may result.
good dietary intake with additional calcium and potassium as well as limited sodium
appears to help prevent this disorder.
pica - ANSWER: an abnormal craving for both food and nonfood items
caused by nutrient deficiency
85 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Healthy pregnancy - ANSWER: adequate intake of vitamins and minerals
healthy body weight
controlling existing health conditions
avoidance of teratogens
Teratogens - ANSWER: compounds that can increase the risk of a birth defect
caffeine, drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.
Tobacco: miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and low birth weight infants
alcohol: FAS, physical and mental disabilities and growth retardation
drugs: low birth weight, preterm delivery, miscarriage, birth defects, and infant
addiction.
Blastogenic stage - ANSWER: (Day 1 to 14): A period of rapid cell division Day 14: An
embryo is formed.
Embryonic stage - ANSWER: (Week 2 to 8): The organ system develops. Week 5: The
heart begins to beat. Week 8: The embryo is now known as a fetus.
Fetal Stage - ANSWER: (Week 9 to 40): Period of continual growth and development
zygote - ANSWER: formed from combination of egg and sperm
placenta - ANSWER: provides oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to the
fetus and also allows for the transfer of waste from the fetus and into the mother's
system for excretion
first trimester - ANSWER: exposure to toxins and inadequate nutrient intake can
have an adverse effect on the fetus
quality of the mother's diet is more important than the quantity
second trimester - ANSWER: development of the hands, feet, arms, and legs occurs,
and the fetus begins to resemble a baby
physiological changes to mom's body in order to support the pregnancy and prepare
for birth.
third trimester - ANSWER: fetus will double in length and will increase weight to
approximately 7 to 9 pounds.
low birth weight (LBW) - ANSWER: a birth weight of less than 5.5 pounds
, small for gestational age (SGA) - ANSWER: an infant small in size, measured relative
to its gestational stage
calorie during pregnancy - ANSWER: quality more important than quantity
need for certain nutrients increase by 50% during pregnancy.
calorie needs during the second and third trimester only increases by approximately
20%.
adequate weight gain - ANSWER: 25-35 pounds total
1-4 pounds during the first trimester and then approximately 1 pound per week
during the remainder of the pregnancy.
Underweight: 28 to 40 pounds
Normal: 25 to 35 pounds
Overweight: 15 to 25 pounds
Obese: 11 to 20 pounds
increased protein/carbohydrate needs - ANSWER: Pregnant moms require an
additional 25 grams protein per day above RDA
inadequate carbs --> ketones, harmful to fetal brain
vitamin needs - ANSWER: Folate is needed for cell development and the synthesis of
DNA. Without adequate folate, the pregnant mom may develop anemia and fetus
may have neural tube defects
increased mineral needs - ANSWER: especially true of iodide, zinc, iron, and calcium.
iron: required due to increased blood volume as well as to provide iron stores to the
fetus. anemia --> preterm delivery, low birth weight infants, and increased risk for
fetal death.
Calcium: needed in the formation of the baby's teeth, bones, muscles, and heart. The
fetus will rob the mom of her stores if intake is inadequate.
gestational diabetes - ANSWER: Hormones synthesized by the placenta may interfere
with insulin production and blood glucose control.
Women over the age of 35, those with a family history of diabetes, and women who
are overweight are at risk
can lead to a large baby, necessitating a C-section and increased risk of trauma at
birth.
preeclampsia - ANSWER: Edema, or swelling of the tissues, occurs as well as
increased blood pressure, protein in the urine, and changes in blood clotting. Left
untreated, kidney failure, convulsions, and death may result.
good dietary intake with additional calcium and potassium as well as limited sodium
appears to help prevent this disorder.
pica - ANSWER: an abnormal craving for both food and nonfood items
caused by nutrient deficiency
