NR507 Midterm Advanced Pathophysiology
Chamberlain College of Nursing Revised Q & A
1. How does blood flow through the heart?--- correct answer ---
Deoxygenated venous blood ’ Sup. Vena Cava ’ Right Atrium ’Tricuspid (AV)
’Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) ’ Blood ejected through Pulmonary
Valve ’ Pulmonary Artery ’ Lungs to be Oxygenated ’ Pulmonary Veins ’ L.
Atrium ’ Mitral (AV) ’ L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) ’ Aortic
Valve ’ Aorta ’ Body
2. What is systole?--- correct answer --- Contraction of the heart which
pumps blood
3. Diastole--- correct answer --- Relaxation of the heart
4. What produces S1 and S2 sound?--- correct answer --- closing of the
heart valves
5. What produces S1?--- correct answer --- The mitral and tricuspid
valves which close in systole
6. What produces S2 sound?--- correct answer --- The closing of the
aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
7. What is cardiac output?--- correct answer --- the volume of blood
pumped out by each ventricle per minute
8. What is stroke volume?--- correct answer --- amount of blood pumped
out by each ventricle with contraction
9. What determines cardiac output?--- correct answer --- stroke volume
and heart rate
, 10. What is preload?--- correct answer --- the degree of stretch on the
heart before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic
pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
11. What is afterload?--- correct answer --- resistance left ventricle must
overcome to circulate blood
12. What is contractility?--- correct answer --- Normal ability of muscle to
contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of
preload/afterload
13. Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke vol-
ume?--- correct answer --- Decreased
14. What conditions can result in decreased contractility?--- correct
answer --- Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
15. What can cause increase afterload?--- correct answer --- HTN,
pulmonary disease, damage to the aortic valve
16. What has the most immediate effect on afterload?--- correct answer ---
HTN
17. Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload?--- correct
answer --- Decreased volume of blood creates less resistance
18. What does increased preload do to stroke volume?--- correct answer --
- Increases stroke vol- ume, over time the body will be unable to
compensate however
19. What can cause a decreased preload?--- correct answer ---
Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything that causes reduced blood volume
20. What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale?--- correct answer
--- Right (AKA Right sided HF)
Chamberlain College of Nursing Revised Q & A
1. How does blood flow through the heart?--- correct answer ---
Deoxygenated venous blood ’ Sup. Vena Cava ’ Right Atrium ’Tricuspid (AV)
’Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) ’ Blood ejected through Pulmonary
Valve ’ Pulmonary Artery ’ Lungs to be Oxygenated ’ Pulmonary Veins ’ L.
Atrium ’ Mitral (AV) ’ L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) ’ Aortic
Valve ’ Aorta ’ Body
2. What is systole?--- correct answer --- Contraction of the heart which
pumps blood
3. Diastole--- correct answer --- Relaxation of the heart
4. What produces S1 and S2 sound?--- correct answer --- closing of the
heart valves
5. What produces S1?--- correct answer --- The mitral and tricuspid
valves which close in systole
6. What produces S2 sound?--- correct answer --- The closing of the
aortic and pulmonic valves in diastole
7. What is cardiac output?--- correct answer --- the volume of blood
pumped out by each ventricle per minute
8. What is stroke volume?--- correct answer --- amount of blood pumped
out by each ventricle with contraction
9. What determines cardiac output?--- correct answer --- stroke volume
and heart rate
, 10. What is preload?--- correct answer --- the degree of stretch on the
heart before it contracts, related to ventricular filling, end diastolic
pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
11. What is afterload?--- correct answer --- resistance left ventricle must
overcome to circulate blood
12. What is contractility?--- correct answer --- Normal ability of muscle to
contract at a given force for a given stretch. It is independent of
preload/afterload
13. Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke vol-
ume?--- correct answer --- Decreased
14. What conditions can result in decreased contractility?--- correct
answer --- Ischemia, acidosis, cardiomyopathy
15. What can cause increase afterload?--- correct answer --- HTN,
pulmonary disease, damage to the aortic valve
16. What has the most immediate effect on afterload?--- correct answer ---
HTN
17. Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload?--- correct
answer --- Decreased volume of blood creates less resistance
18. What does increased preload do to stroke volume?--- correct answer --
- Increases stroke vol- ume, over time the body will be unable to
compensate however
19. What can cause a decreased preload?--- correct answer ---
Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything that causes reduced blood volume
20. What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale?--- correct answer
--- Right (AKA Right sided HF)
