VIRGINIA COMMERCIAL APPLICATOR
CATEGORY 3B TURF PEST CONTROL
KEY TERMS
Calibrate6-6ans--
To6measure6the6delivery6rate6and6distribution6of6application6equipment;6to6adjust6applicat
ion6equipment6so6the6desired6amount6of6pesticide6is6applied6evenly6to6a6given6area.
Disease6-6ans--
An6abnormal,6unhealthy6condition.6Turf6diseases6may6be6caused6by6abiotic6or6biotic6fact
ors.6However,6they6are6typically6due6to6infectious6organisms6such6as6bacteria,6fungi,6and
6viruses.
Exclusion6-6ans--Using6some6sort6of6barrier6to6keep6a6pest6out6of6an6area.
Exposure6-6ans--
Coming6in6contact6with6a6pesticide6either6by6ingestion6(oral),6inhalation,6or6absorption6thr
ough6the6skin6(dermal).
Habitat6-6ans--A6specific6area6or6environment6in6which6an6organism6normally6lives.
Insect6-6ans--
An6arthropod6with6three6body6regions:6a6head6(front),6a6thorax6(middle),6and6an6abdome
n6(rear).6Most6insects6have6one6pair6of6antennae6on6the6head,6two6pairs6of6Wings,6and6th
ree6pairs6of6legs6on6the6thorax.6Most6have6complex6mouthparts6adapted6for6a6special6typ
e6of6feeding.
Integrated6Pest6Management6(IPM)6-6ans--
VA6management6system6that6uses6all6appropriate6pest6control6strategies6to6reduce6pest6
populations6to6an6acceptable6level.6IPM6uses6an6ecological6approach6to6pest6manageme
nt.
Life6Cycle6-6ans--
An60rganism's6progression6through6developmental6stages.6As6some6organisms6go6throu
gh6their6life6cycle,6they6change6in6body6form6and6habits.
Mite6-6ans--
A6small6arachnid6with6eight6legs6in6the6adult6stage.6Mites6have6a6single6body6region,6whi
ch6seems6to6lack6segmentation.6Some6mites6are6plant6pests.
,Mollusk6-6ans--A6soft-
bodied6animal.6A6mollusk6does6not6have6a6backbone.6Mollusks6have6a6hard6calcium-
based6shell6covering6its6body.6Clams,6snails,6and6slugs6are6mollusks.
Monitoring6-6ans--The6process6of6assessing-"keeping6tabs6on"—
the6size6and6distribution6of6a6pest6population6in6an6area.
Natural6Controls6-6ans--
Natural6forces6that6affect6pest6populations.6Examples6include6climate,6natural6enemies,6
natural6barriers,6and6the6availability6of6food,6water,6and6shelter.6These6natural6forces6act6
independently6and6may6either6help6or6hinder6human6attempts6to6control6pests.
Nematode6-6ans--
A6small,6unsegmented6roundworm.6Most6nematodes6are6so6small6that6they6cannot6be6se
en6with6the6naked6eye.
Leaching6-6ans--
Movement6of6a6substance6(such6as6a6pesticide)6in6solution6downward6through6soil.
Nematicide6-6ans--A6pesticide6that6controls6nematodes.
Parasite6-6ans--
An6organism6that6obtains6its6food6from6another6living6thing,6and6in6so6doing,6harms6that6o
rganism6(its6host).6The6disease6organism6is6the6parasite,6and6the6infected6organism6is6th
e6host.
Perennial6-6ans--A6plant6that6lives6for6more6than6two6growing6seasons.
Pesticide6-6ans--
Any6substance6used6to6control6or6repel6a6pest,6or6to6reduce6the6unwanted6or6harmful6eff
ects6of6a6pest.
Phloem6-6ans--A6specialized6plant6tissue,6that6conducts6food.
Phytotoxicity6-6ans--
Injury6or6damage6to6a6sensitive6plant6caused6by6a6chemical6exposure.
Poling6-6ans--
Brushing6the6surface6of6a6turf6stand6with6long,6limber6bamboo6poles.6This6practice6helps6
remove6water6from6leaves.6Poling6bermudagrass6golf6greens6in6early6morning6helps6to6g
et6rid6of6dew.
Predator6-6ans--An6animal6which6hunts6and6kills6other6animals6for6food.
Relative6Humidity6(RH)6-6ans--A6temperature-
specific6measure6of6the6amount6of6moisture6held6in6the6air.6RH6is6the6ratio6of6the6amount
, 6of6water6vapor6in6air6at6a6specific6temperature6to6the6amount6of6Water6vapor6required6for
6saturation6at6that6temperature.
Resistance6-6ans--
The6ability6of6a6plant6to6withstand6infection6or6attack6by6a6pest.6There6are6levels6of6resist
ance.6For6example,6some6plant6strains6may6be6susceptible,6weakly6resistant,6or6strongly6
resistant6to6a6specific6type6of6pest.6Total6resistance6is6"immunity."
Saprophyte6-6ans--
An6organism6that6obtains6its6nutrition6from6dead6or6decaying6organic6matter.
Aqueous6Spray6-6ans--
An6application6in6which6the6pesticide6product6is6diluted6with6Water6and6applied6as6a6liqui
d6spray.
Backpack6Sprayer6-6ans--A6hand-
pumped6sprayer6carried6on6the6back6of6the6operator.6Backpack6sprayers6are6usually6use
d6for6treating6small6areas6and6for6making6spot6treatments.
Back6Siphoning6-6ans--
Movement6of6liquid6from6the6application6equipment6back6into6the6Water6source.
Calibration6-6ans--
The6process6of6measuring6and6adjusting6the6amount6of6pesticide6a6piece6of6equipment6a
pplies6to6a6target.
Density6-6ans--Mass6per6unit6volume.
Fog6-6ans--Small6droplets6(106to6606microns)6produced6when6an6oil-
base6preparation6is6dispensed6through6a6special6device6that6uses6heat6to6vaporize6the6p
esticide.
Absorption6-6ans--The6process6of6taking6in6(soaking6up)6a6substance.
Adsorption6-6ans--
The6process6of6adhering6and6holding6(binding)6something6to6a6surface.6Some6pesticides6
adhere6(bind)6to6surfaces6of6mineral6or6soil6particles6and/
or6to6organic6matter,6such6as6thatch.
Drift6-6ans--Pesticide6moving6away6from6the6release6site6in6the6air.
Leaching6-6ans--
Movement6of6pesticide6in6water6or6other6solvent6downward6through6soil6or6other6planting
6medium.
Particle6Drift6-6ans--Drift6of6particles,6usually6spray6droplets.
CATEGORY 3B TURF PEST CONTROL
KEY TERMS
Calibrate6-6ans--
To6measure6the6delivery6rate6and6distribution6of6application6equipment;6to6adjust6applicat
ion6equipment6so6the6desired6amount6of6pesticide6is6applied6evenly6to6a6given6area.
Disease6-6ans--
An6abnormal,6unhealthy6condition.6Turf6diseases6may6be6caused6by6abiotic6or6biotic6fact
ors.6However,6they6are6typically6due6to6infectious6organisms6such6as6bacteria,6fungi,6and
6viruses.
Exclusion6-6ans--Using6some6sort6of6barrier6to6keep6a6pest6out6of6an6area.
Exposure6-6ans--
Coming6in6contact6with6a6pesticide6either6by6ingestion6(oral),6inhalation,6or6absorption6thr
ough6the6skin6(dermal).
Habitat6-6ans--A6specific6area6or6environment6in6which6an6organism6normally6lives.
Insect6-6ans--
An6arthropod6with6three6body6regions:6a6head6(front),6a6thorax6(middle),6and6an6abdome
n6(rear).6Most6insects6have6one6pair6of6antennae6on6the6head,6two6pairs6of6Wings,6and6th
ree6pairs6of6legs6on6the6thorax.6Most6have6complex6mouthparts6adapted6for6a6special6typ
e6of6feeding.
Integrated6Pest6Management6(IPM)6-6ans--
VA6management6system6that6uses6all6appropriate6pest6control6strategies6to6reduce6pest6
populations6to6an6acceptable6level.6IPM6uses6an6ecological6approach6to6pest6manageme
nt.
Life6Cycle6-6ans--
An60rganism's6progression6through6developmental6stages.6As6some6organisms6go6throu
gh6their6life6cycle,6they6change6in6body6form6and6habits.
Mite6-6ans--
A6small6arachnid6with6eight6legs6in6the6adult6stage.6Mites6have6a6single6body6region,6whi
ch6seems6to6lack6segmentation.6Some6mites6are6plant6pests.
,Mollusk6-6ans--A6soft-
bodied6animal.6A6mollusk6does6not6have6a6backbone.6Mollusks6have6a6hard6calcium-
based6shell6covering6its6body.6Clams,6snails,6and6slugs6are6mollusks.
Monitoring6-6ans--The6process6of6assessing-"keeping6tabs6on"—
the6size6and6distribution6of6a6pest6population6in6an6area.
Natural6Controls6-6ans--
Natural6forces6that6affect6pest6populations.6Examples6include6climate,6natural6enemies,6
natural6barriers,6and6the6availability6of6food,6water,6and6shelter.6These6natural6forces6act6
independently6and6may6either6help6or6hinder6human6attempts6to6control6pests.
Nematode6-6ans--
A6small,6unsegmented6roundworm.6Most6nematodes6are6so6small6that6they6cannot6be6se
en6with6the6naked6eye.
Leaching6-6ans--
Movement6of6a6substance6(such6as6a6pesticide)6in6solution6downward6through6soil.
Nematicide6-6ans--A6pesticide6that6controls6nematodes.
Parasite6-6ans--
An6organism6that6obtains6its6food6from6another6living6thing,6and6in6so6doing,6harms6that6o
rganism6(its6host).6The6disease6organism6is6the6parasite,6and6the6infected6organism6is6th
e6host.
Perennial6-6ans--A6plant6that6lives6for6more6than6two6growing6seasons.
Pesticide6-6ans--
Any6substance6used6to6control6or6repel6a6pest,6or6to6reduce6the6unwanted6or6harmful6eff
ects6of6a6pest.
Phloem6-6ans--A6specialized6plant6tissue,6that6conducts6food.
Phytotoxicity6-6ans--
Injury6or6damage6to6a6sensitive6plant6caused6by6a6chemical6exposure.
Poling6-6ans--
Brushing6the6surface6of6a6turf6stand6with6long,6limber6bamboo6poles.6This6practice6helps6
remove6water6from6leaves.6Poling6bermudagrass6golf6greens6in6early6morning6helps6to6g
et6rid6of6dew.
Predator6-6ans--An6animal6which6hunts6and6kills6other6animals6for6food.
Relative6Humidity6(RH)6-6ans--A6temperature-
specific6measure6of6the6amount6of6moisture6held6in6the6air.6RH6is6the6ratio6of6the6amount
, 6of6water6vapor6in6air6at6a6specific6temperature6to6the6amount6of6Water6vapor6required6for
6saturation6at6that6temperature.
Resistance6-6ans--
The6ability6of6a6plant6to6withstand6infection6or6attack6by6a6pest.6There6are6levels6of6resist
ance.6For6example,6some6plant6strains6may6be6susceptible,6weakly6resistant,6or6strongly6
resistant6to6a6specific6type6of6pest.6Total6resistance6is6"immunity."
Saprophyte6-6ans--
An6organism6that6obtains6its6nutrition6from6dead6or6decaying6organic6matter.
Aqueous6Spray6-6ans--
An6application6in6which6the6pesticide6product6is6diluted6with6Water6and6applied6as6a6liqui
d6spray.
Backpack6Sprayer6-6ans--A6hand-
pumped6sprayer6carried6on6the6back6of6the6operator.6Backpack6sprayers6are6usually6use
d6for6treating6small6areas6and6for6making6spot6treatments.
Back6Siphoning6-6ans--
Movement6of6liquid6from6the6application6equipment6back6into6the6Water6source.
Calibration6-6ans--
The6process6of6measuring6and6adjusting6the6amount6of6pesticide6a6piece6of6equipment6a
pplies6to6a6target.
Density6-6ans--Mass6per6unit6volume.
Fog6-6ans--Small6droplets6(106to6606microns)6produced6when6an6oil-
base6preparation6is6dispensed6through6a6special6device6that6uses6heat6to6vaporize6the6p
esticide.
Absorption6-6ans--The6process6of6taking6in6(soaking6up)6a6substance.
Adsorption6-6ans--
The6process6of6adhering6and6holding6(binding)6something6to6a6surface.6Some6pesticides6
adhere6(bind)6to6surfaces6of6mineral6or6soil6particles6and/
or6to6organic6matter,6such6as6thatch.
Drift6-6ans--Pesticide6moving6away6from6the6release6site6in6the6air.
Leaching6-6ans--
Movement6of6pesticide6in6water6or6other6solvent6downward6through6soil6or6other6planting
6medium.
Particle6Drift6-6ans--Drift6of6particles,6usually6spray6droplets.
