BIOL 3450 - Exam 1
with complete verified
solutions 2025-2026
complete verified
solutions 2025-2026
Basic amino acids - answer Lysine (Lys or K) r group= NH3+; Arginine (Arg
or R) r group = Amide?; Histidine (His or H) r group = pentagon
Dominant negative - answer A mutation whose gene product adversely
affects the normal, wild-type gene product within the same cell. This
usually occurs if the product can still interact with the same elements as
the wild-type product, but block some aspect of its function.
How does lipid composition vary? - answer By species, cell type, organelle,
and leaflet (cytoplasmic vs exoplasmic)
Levels of protein hierarchy - answer Primary structure
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is the central dogma? - answer DNA gets transcribed to RNA and
then translated to protein. DNA gets replicated.
,What is needed in the culture medium of animal cells? select all that are
minimally necessary for all animal cell cultures
A. nutrients such as glucose
B. growth factors
C. any amino acids or vitamins that the cells cannot make themselves
D. bovine serum albumen
E. carbon dioxide - answer A, B, C
Acidic amino acids - answer Aspartic acid (Asp or D)r group = CH2-COO;
glutamic acid (Glu or E) r group = CH2CH2COO
Types of motifs - answer Coiled-coil
EFhand/helix-loop-helix
Zinc-finger
What limits the resolution, D, of ordinary light microscopy?
A. the size of the objective lens
B. the wavelength of visible light
C. Show fast our optical neurons can fire
D. the resolution of the human iris
E. none of the above - answer B
How are nucleotides paired? - answer A-T with two H bonds
G-C with three H bonds
,Haploinsufficiency - answer When a diploid organism only has a single
functional copy of a gene (with the other copy inactivated by mutation)
and the single functional copy of the gene does not produce enough of a
gene product (typically a protein) to bring about a wild-type condition,
leading to an abnormal or diseased state
What are the variable head groups for phosphoglycerides? - answer Pe
PC
Ps
PI
What is haploinsufficiency an example of? - answer Incomplete or partial
dominance, as a heterozygote (with one mutant and one normal allele)
displays a phenotypic effect
What are the variable head groups for sphingolipids? - answer SM
GlcCer
What are the major and minor grooves? - answer Spaces between the
intertwined strands on the outside of B form DNA. They interacted with
the grooves to stabilize the structure.
In fluorescence microscopy, the sample is excited by absorption of light at
certain wavelengths. The sample then emits light at
A. shorter wavelength
B. longer wavelength
C. same wavelength - answer B
, What are some of the advantages of assembly of proteins into multi-
protein complexes? - answer Localization, efficiency, specificity, and
regulation
Polar amino acids with uncharged R groups - answer Serine (ser or s) r
group = CH2OH; threonine (thr or T) r group = CHOHCH3; Cysteine (R
group = -SH); Asparagine (Asn or N) r group = CH2CONH2; Glutamine (Gln
or Q) r group = CH2CH2CONH2
Hydrophobic amino acids - answer Alanine (Ala or A); Valine (Val or V);
Isoleucine (Ile or I); Leucine (Leu or L); Methionine (Met or M);
Phenylalanine (Phe or F); Tyrosine (Tyr or Y); Tryptophan (Trp or W)
pKa ~10
What mediate protein folding? - answer Chaperones and chaperonins
Scanning electron microscopy is BEST described by which of the following
terms
A. Electron beam, electromagnetic lenses, objective lens, negative
staining sample, detector
B. Light source, convex and concave lenses, objective, fixing sample,
eyepiece
C. Electron beam, electromagnetic lenses, condenser lens, scanning coils,
metal sputter coating, detector
D. Light source, condenser and objective lenses, sample, phase contrast -
answer C
What does DNA denaturation depend on? - answer G:C and salt content.
The more G:C, the higher the temperature it'll take
with complete verified
solutions 2025-2026
complete verified
solutions 2025-2026
Basic amino acids - answer Lysine (Lys or K) r group= NH3+; Arginine (Arg
or R) r group = Amide?; Histidine (His or H) r group = pentagon
Dominant negative - answer A mutation whose gene product adversely
affects the normal, wild-type gene product within the same cell. This
usually occurs if the product can still interact with the same elements as
the wild-type product, but block some aspect of its function.
How does lipid composition vary? - answer By species, cell type, organelle,
and leaflet (cytoplasmic vs exoplasmic)
Levels of protein hierarchy - answer Primary structure
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is the central dogma? - answer DNA gets transcribed to RNA and
then translated to protein. DNA gets replicated.
,What is needed in the culture medium of animal cells? select all that are
minimally necessary for all animal cell cultures
A. nutrients such as glucose
B. growth factors
C. any amino acids or vitamins that the cells cannot make themselves
D. bovine serum albumen
E. carbon dioxide - answer A, B, C
Acidic amino acids - answer Aspartic acid (Asp or D)r group = CH2-COO;
glutamic acid (Glu or E) r group = CH2CH2COO
Types of motifs - answer Coiled-coil
EFhand/helix-loop-helix
Zinc-finger
What limits the resolution, D, of ordinary light microscopy?
A. the size of the objective lens
B. the wavelength of visible light
C. Show fast our optical neurons can fire
D. the resolution of the human iris
E. none of the above - answer B
How are nucleotides paired? - answer A-T with two H bonds
G-C with three H bonds
,Haploinsufficiency - answer When a diploid organism only has a single
functional copy of a gene (with the other copy inactivated by mutation)
and the single functional copy of the gene does not produce enough of a
gene product (typically a protein) to bring about a wild-type condition,
leading to an abnormal or diseased state
What are the variable head groups for phosphoglycerides? - answer Pe
PC
Ps
PI
What is haploinsufficiency an example of? - answer Incomplete or partial
dominance, as a heterozygote (with one mutant and one normal allele)
displays a phenotypic effect
What are the variable head groups for sphingolipids? - answer SM
GlcCer
What are the major and minor grooves? - answer Spaces between the
intertwined strands on the outside of B form DNA. They interacted with
the grooves to stabilize the structure.
In fluorescence microscopy, the sample is excited by absorption of light at
certain wavelengths. The sample then emits light at
A. shorter wavelength
B. longer wavelength
C. same wavelength - answer B
, What are some of the advantages of assembly of proteins into multi-
protein complexes? - answer Localization, efficiency, specificity, and
regulation
Polar amino acids with uncharged R groups - answer Serine (ser or s) r
group = CH2OH; threonine (thr or T) r group = CHOHCH3; Cysteine (R
group = -SH); Asparagine (Asn or N) r group = CH2CONH2; Glutamine (Gln
or Q) r group = CH2CH2CONH2
Hydrophobic amino acids - answer Alanine (Ala or A); Valine (Val or V);
Isoleucine (Ile or I); Leucine (Leu or L); Methionine (Met or M);
Phenylalanine (Phe or F); Tyrosine (Tyr or Y); Tryptophan (Trp or W)
pKa ~10
What mediate protein folding? - answer Chaperones and chaperonins
Scanning electron microscopy is BEST described by which of the following
terms
A. Electron beam, electromagnetic lenses, objective lens, negative
staining sample, detector
B. Light source, convex and concave lenses, objective, fixing sample,
eyepiece
C. Electron beam, electromagnetic lenses, condenser lens, scanning coils,
metal sputter coating, detector
D. Light source, condenser and objective lenses, sample, phase contrast -
answer C
What does DNA denaturation depend on? - answer G:C and salt content.
The more G:C, the higher the temperature it'll take
