NURS2106 TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+
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atrial fib nursing implications
assess for signs of decreased cardiac output
assess for signs of stroke
assist with synchronized cardioversion, radiofrequency, and catheter ablation
assist with anticoagulant therapy- monitor INR. PT
Cardiac action potential cycle
when sodium and potassium switches it causes the cell to contract.
cardiac cycle
refers to the events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the
next
depends on the exact HR
What does the number of cardiac cycles depend on?
Diastole
when all chambers are relaxed and the ventricles can fill back up( relaxation)
Diastole
this phase is important it happens when the coronary arteries perfuse oxygen to the
heart
atrial systole
contraction of the atria by which blood is forced into the ventricles
Cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by left ventricle.. in liters/ minute
SV x HR
What does cardiac output =?
the heart is not pumping out enough blood every minute
if the patient has decreased cardiac output what's going on?
oxygen
What does every single organ in the body need to survive?
what brings oxygen to our tissues?
Blood
low blood pressure, confusion, dizziness, extremity pain (lungs, heart, chest),
SOB, decreased urinary output, diminished pedal pulses
main symptom of decreased cardiac output
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected with each heart beat.
Contractility
ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse, how well
the heart is contracting
how slow/fast the heart is breathing
What is the main thing that affects cardiac output?
Preload
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
, Afterload
the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the left ventricle.
a reduction in the body of blood returning to the ventricles
What is preload decreased by?
excessive loss of blood , diuresis, dehydration
examples of decreased preload
give blood, iv fluids
What are some things that can be done to increase preload?
a decreased fluid volume deficit
What is a decreased preload?
catecholamines, SNS, and certain medications
what is contractility increased by?
increased stroke volume
what does a increased contractility result in?
hypoxemia, acidosis and certain medications.
What is contractility decreased by?
smoking, diabetes, hypertension
modifiable risk factors
age, gender, genetics
non-modifiable risk factors
Chest pain
What is one of the main symptoms to assess in a cardiac patient?
The patient is not getting enough oxygen
What is chest pain usually a result of?
a good indicator of heart failure
What does SOB/dyspnea tell you about a patient?
edema, weight gain, abdominal distention
signs of heart failure& kidney failure ( health history)
unusual fatigue, dizziness, syncope, change in LOC
red flags for patients with heart failure
- teaching patient what medicine their on, why they are on the medicine, side
effects, and make sure patient is taking their meds
Nursing responsibility for medications
provides a baseline to what the patient could vs. what they cant do any more
What does activity , excercize provide in assessment?
the pt is keeping too much fluid, at night the body is trying to get rid of the
excess fluid
Why is it a red flag if the patient is going to urinate at night?
straining
What should you tell the patient to avoid while using the bathroom (GI TRACT)?
constipation
What should be avoided in cardi patients?
Valsalva maneuver
Any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway such as when an individual holds
his or her breath and tightens his or her muscles in a concerted, strenuous effort to
move a heavy object or change positions in bed.
GRADED .Buy Quality Materials!
atrial fib nursing implications
assess for signs of decreased cardiac output
assess for signs of stroke
assist with synchronized cardioversion, radiofrequency, and catheter ablation
assist with anticoagulant therapy- monitor INR. PT
Cardiac action potential cycle
when sodium and potassium switches it causes the cell to contract.
cardiac cycle
refers to the events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the
next
depends on the exact HR
What does the number of cardiac cycles depend on?
Diastole
when all chambers are relaxed and the ventricles can fill back up( relaxation)
Diastole
this phase is important it happens when the coronary arteries perfuse oxygen to the
heart
atrial systole
contraction of the atria by which blood is forced into the ventricles
Cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by left ventricle.. in liters/ minute
SV x HR
What does cardiac output =?
the heart is not pumping out enough blood every minute
if the patient has decreased cardiac output what's going on?
oxygen
What does every single organ in the body need to survive?
what brings oxygen to our tissues?
Blood
low blood pressure, confusion, dizziness, extremity pain (lungs, heart, chest),
SOB, decreased urinary output, diminished pedal pulses
main symptom of decreased cardiac output
Stroke volume
The amount of blood ejected with each heart beat.
Contractility
ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse, how well
the heart is contracting
how slow/fast the heart is breathing
What is the main thing that affects cardiac output?
Preload
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
, Afterload
the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the left ventricle.
a reduction in the body of blood returning to the ventricles
What is preload decreased by?
excessive loss of blood , diuresis, dehydration
examples of decreased preload
give blood, iv fluids
What are some things that can be done to increase preload?
a decreased fluid volume deficit
What is a decreased preload?
catecholamines, SNS, and certain medications
what is contractility increased by?
increased stroke volume
what does a increased contractility result in?
hypoxemia, acidosis and certain medications.
What is contractility decreased by?
smoking, diabetes, hypertension
modifiable risk factors
age, gender, genetics
non-modifiable risk factors
Chest pain
What is one of the main symptoms to assess in a cardiac patient?
The patient is not getting enough oxygen
What is chest pain usually a result of?
a good indicator of heart failure
What does SOB/dyspnea tell you about a patient?
edema, weight gain, abdominal distention
signs of heart failure& kidney failure ( health history)
unusual fatigue, dizziness, syncope, change in LOC
red flags for patients with heart failure
- teaching patient what medicine their on, why they are on the medicine, side
effects, and make sure patient is taking their meds
Nursing responsibility for medications
provides a baseline to what the patient could vs. what they cant do any more
What does activity , excercize provide in assessment?
the pt is keeping too much fluid, at night the body is trying to get rid of the
excess fluid
Why is it a red flag if the patient is going to urinate at night?
straining
What should you tell the patient to avoid while using the bathroom (GI TRACT)?
constipation
What should be avoided in cardi patients?
Valsalva maneuver
Any forced expiratory effort against a closed airway such as when an individual holds
his or her breath and tightens his or her muscles in a concerted, strenuous effort to
move a heavy object or change positions in bed.
