Test Bank Complete_ Vander’s Human Physiology 16th
Edition, (2024) By Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Hershel Raff &
Kevin T. Strang Dr. All Chapters 1-19| Newest| Correct
Questions With Rationale in Every Answers
Circulatory System Overview - ANSWERThe three principal components that
comprise the circulatory (cardiovascular) system are:
•the heart (the pump)
•the blood vessels or vascular system (set of interconnected tubes)
•the blood (a fluid connective tissue containing water, solutes, and cells that fills the
tubes)
Cardiovascular system function is impacted by the endocrine, nervous, and urinary
systems.
What are the formed elements in blood? - ANSWERErythrocytes (red blood cells)=
45%
leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets= Buffy coat
What is the composition of plasma? - ANSWERPlasma is mostly water and carries
electrolytes, nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones, and plasma proteins, equal 55%
What does the hematocrit measure? - ANSWERThe percentage of blood volume that
is erythrocytes in a centrifuged blood sample, equals 45%
What is serum? - ANSWERPlasma with fibrinogen and other proteins involved in
clotting removed.
Production of Blood Cells By the Bone Marrow - ANSWERMultipotent uncommitted
hematopoietic stem cell
Committed stem cells
Blast cells
Bone marrow
lymphocyte
precursor
Megakaryocyte
Promyelocyte
Band
Monocyte
Platelets
Neutrophil
Tissue
macrophage
Eosinophil
Polymorphonuclear
cells
, Basophil
B
Lymphocytes
What is the major function of erythrocytes? - ANSWERGas transport; they carry
oxygen taken in by the lungs and carbon dioxide produced by the cells.
What protein do erythrocytes contain in large amounts? - ANSWERHemoglobin, to
which oxygen and carbon dioxide reversibly combine.
What is the shape of erythrocytes? - ANSWERBiconcave disk.
Why do erythrocytes have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio? - ANSWERDue to
their shape and small size (7 micrometers in diameter), which favors the diffusion of
oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the cell.
Do mature erythrocytes have a nucleus or organelles? - ANSWERNo, they do not
have a nucleus or organelles (no mitochondria, no DNA, no RNA), making them
incapable of cell division.
Erythrocytes - ANSWERErythrocytes have a short life span and only last about 120
days.
•They are synthesized in the redbone marrow by a process called erythropoiesis.
•Erythropoietin (a hormone from the kidney, EPO) triggers differentiation of stem
cells to erythrocytes. Decreased oxygen in the blood triggers EPO
Requirements for Normal Erythrocyte Production - ANSWERIron:
•Component of hemoglobin (specifically the heme portion to which oxygen binds)
Folic acid:
•Essential for the formation of D N A and normal cell division
Vitamin B12:
•Required for the action of folic acid
What organs are involved in filtering and removing old erythrocytes? - ANSWERThe
spleen filters and removes old erythrocytes.
What organ metabolizes byproducts from the breakdown of erythrocytes? -
ANSWERThe liver metabolizes byproducts from the breakdown of erythrocytes.
What protein transports iron in the blood? - ANSWERTransferrin transports iron in
the blood.
Where is iron stored in the body? - ANSWERIron is stored bound to ferritin in the
liver, spleen, and small intestines.
What protein conserves most of the iron for the synthesis of new hemoglobin? -
ANSWERFerritin conserves most of the iron for the synthesis of new hemoglobin.
Edition, (2024) By Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Hershel Raff &
Kevin T. Strang Dr. All Chapters 1-19| Newest| Correct
Questions With Rationale in Every Answers
Circulatory System Overview - ANSWERThe three principal components that
comprise the circulatory (cardiovascular) system are:
•the heart (the pump)
•the blood vessels or vascular system (set of interconnected tubes)
•the blood (a fluid connective tissue containing water, solutes, and cells that fills the
tubes)
Cardiovascular system function is impacted by the endocrine, nervous, and urinary
systems.
What are the formed elements in blood? - ANSWERErythrocytes (red blood cells)=
45%
leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets= Buffy coat
What is the composition of plasma? - ANSWERPlasma is mostly water and carries
electrolytes, nutrients, wastes, gases, hormones, and plasma proteins, equal 55%
What does the hematocrit measure? - ANSWERThe percentage of blood volume that
is erythrocytes in a centrifuged blood sample, equals 45%
What is serum? - ANSWERPlasma with fibrinogen and other proteins involved in
clotting removed.
Production of Blood Cells By the Bone Marrow - ANSWERMultipotent uncommitted
hematopoietic stem cell
Committed stem cells
Blast cells
Bone marrow
lymphocyte
precursor
Megakaryocyte
Promyelocyte
Band
Monocyte
Platelets
Neutrophil
Tissue
macrophage
Eosinophil
Polymorphonuclear
cells
, Basophil
B
Lymphocytes
What is the major function of erythrocytes? - ANSWERGas transport; they carry
oxygen taken in by the lungs and carbon dioxide produced by the cells.
What protein do erythrocytes contain in large amounts? - ANSWERHemoglobin, to
which oxygen and carbon dioxide reversibly combine.
What is the shape of erythrocytes? - ANSWERBiconcave disk.
Why do erythrocytes have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio? - ANSWERDue to
their shape and small size (7 micrometers in diameter), which favors the diffusion of
oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of the cell.
Do mature erythrocytes have a nucleus or organelles? - ANSWERNo, they do not
have a nucleus or organelles (no mitochondria, no DNA, no RNA), making them
incapable of cell division.
Erythrocytes - ANSWERErythrocytes have a short life span and only last about 120
days.
•They are synthesized in the redbone marrow by a process called erythropoiesis.
•Erythropoietin (a hormone from the kidney, EPO) triggers differentiation of stem
cells to erythrocytes. Decreased oxygen in the blood triggers EPO
Requirements for Normal Erythrocyte Production - ANSWERIron:
•Component of hemoglobin (specifically the heme portion to which oxygen binds)
Folic acid:
•Essential for the formation of D N A and normal cell division
Vitamin B12:
•Required for the action of folic acid
What organs are involved in filtering and removing old erythrocytes? - ANSWERThe
spleen filters and removes old erythrocytes.
What organ metabolizes byproducts from the breakdown of erythrocytes? -
ANSWERThe liver metabolizes byproducts from the breakdown of erythrocytes.
What protein transports iron in the blood? - ANSWERTransferrin transports iron in
the blood.
Where is iron stored in the body? - ANSWERIron is stored bound to ferritin in the
liver, spleen, and small intestines.
What protein conserves most of the iron for the synthesis of new hemoglobin? -
ANSWERFerritin conserves most of the iron for the synthesis of new hemoglobin.
