Student Solutions Manual Prepared by Stanley R. Crouch University of Michigan F. James Holler University of Kentucky Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry NINT

Student Solutions Manual Prepared by Stanley R. Crouch University of Michigan F. James Holler University of Kentucky Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry NINTH EDITION Douglas A. Skoog Stanford University Donald M. West San Jose State University F. James Holler University of Kentucky Stanley R. Crouch University of Michigan Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 13 12 © 2014 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at Further permissions questions can be emailed to ISBN-13: 978-0-495-55834-7 ISBN-10: 0-495-55834-6 Brooks/Cole 20 Davis Drive Belmont, CA USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Brooks/Cole, visit Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in Table of Contents 3 Using Spreadsheets in Analytical Chemistry 1 4 Calculations Used in Analytical Chemistry 2 5 Errors in Chemical Analyses 12 6 Random Errors in Chemical Analysis 15 7 Statistical Data Treatment and Evaluation 23 8 Sampling, Standardization and Calibration 32 9 Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria 42 10 Effect of Electrolytes on Chemical Equilibria 52 11 Solving Equilibrium Problems for Complex Systems 63 12 Gravimetric Methods of Analysis 72 13 Titrations in Analytical Chemistry 79 14 Principles of Neutralization Titrations 85 15 Complex Acid/Base Systems 106 16 Applications of Neutralization Titrations 115 17 Complexation and Precipitation Reactions and Titrations 128 18 Introduction to Electrochemistry 141 19 Applications of Standard Electrode Potentials 150 20 Applications of Oxidation/Reduction Titrations 155 21 Potentiometry 159 22 Bulk Electrolysis: Electrogravimetry and Coulometry 165 23 Voltammetry 173 24 Introduction to Spectrochemical Methods 175 25 Instruments for Optical Spectrometry 178 26 Molecular Absorption Spectrometry 182 27 Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy 191 28 Atomic Spectroscopy 193 29 Mass Spectrometry 196 30 Kinetic Methods of Analysis 197 31 Introduction to Analytical Separations 202 32 Gas Chromatography 209 33 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 212 34 Miscellaneous Separation Methods 215