NTA NTP 12: Immune System Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Immune System (Parts & Function): Integumentary System - ✔✔Provides
physical barriers and non-specific innate immunity:
1. Cutaneous membranes: cover and protect exterior surfaces of body
2. Mucous membranes: line and protect body cavities and organs
3. Serous membranes: surround and protect organs
4. Synovial membranes: line and protect joints
5. Adipose tissue: communicates metabolic state of body to immune
system via hormones called adipokines, which in turn control immune cell
activity
Immune System (Parts & Function): Digestive System - ✔✔Provides
physical barriers, innate and adaptive immunity:
1. HCl and pepsin: neutralizes pathogens before entering intestine
2. GALT: houses 70-80% of immune system cells
3. Epithelial cells: secrete protective mucous as barrier against colonization
and invasion by pathogens (1 layer thick in small intestine; 2 layers thick in
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,large intestine), rich in antimicrobial proteins like lysozyme (enzyme that
catalyzes destruction of cell walls of certain bacteria), facilitate nutrient
digestion and assimilations, provide immunological surveillance signals at
gut-mucosa-lumen interaface
4. Gut Flora in Large Intestine: stimulates immunity, feeds epithelial cells
(produce SFAs for fuel), crowds out pathogenic bacteria
Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic System- Primary Organs &
Tissues - ✔✔-Bone Marrow
-Thymus
Immune System (Parts & Function): Bone Marrow - ✔✔-Spongy tissue
inside bones where all new blood cells and immune cells are created
-Housed mainly in central skeletal system--pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs,
vertebrae, scapulae, femur
Immune System (Parts & Function): Thymus - ✔✔-Adaptive immune
response "school" where T cells are taught how to respond to specific
pathogens and how to differentiate between self-cells and invaders
-Immature T cells migrate from b_______ m____________ to
t_______________ to continue development
-Once mature, T cells migrate to other lymphatic tissue and organs where
they become active when needed
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic System- Secondary Organs
& Tissues - ✔✔-Lymph nodes
-Lymphatic vessels
-Lymphatic fluid
-MALT (Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Spleen
Main transportation systems and "meet-up spots" for pathogens, antigens,
phagocytes, B cells, and T cells
Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymph Nodes - ✔✔-"Dating bars"
where B and T cells meet antigens and antigen presenting cells
-Antigens and antigen presenting cells enter through incoming arteriole or
(afferent) lymphatic vessel (a way to catch invaders)
-B cells, T cells and antigen presenting cells circulate through lymphatic
system until they make a "match"
-Provide "factory space" for B and T cells to proliferate in response to a
specific pathogen or antigen
-Scattered throughout body, both superficial and deep
Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic Vessel - ✔✔-Entry point for
antigens and antigen presenting cells
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, -Closed at one end and start as small lymphatic capillaries in tissues
-Carry lymph that forms in tissues to larger l_______________
v________________
-Along with blood stream, this acts as highways to transport cells and
substances to the scene of the "crime"
Immune System (Parts & Function): MALT - ✔✔Mucosal Associated
Lymphoid Tissue
-Specialized lymphatic tissue situated along all mucosal surfaces of the
body
-Found in skin, eyes, nose, mouth, tonsils, GI tract, respiratory tract, urinary
tract, reproductive tract,
-Provide sites for macrophages, B cells and T cells to meet up with
pathogens and antigens (microbes, viruses, parasites, allergens)
-Stand watch over body's barriers by communicating directly with mucosal
surfaces
-Outgoing lymphatics connect these vessels with lymphatic system
Immune System (Parts & Function): MALT Subcategories - ✔✔-Stand
watch over body's barriers by communicating directly with mucosal
surfaces
4
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Immune System (Parts & Function): Integumentary System - ✔✔Provides
physical barriers and non-specific innate immunity:
1. Cutaneous membranes: cover and protect exterior surfaces of body
2. Mucous membranes: line and protect body cavities and organs
3. Serous membranes: surround and protect organs
4. Synovial membranes: line and protect joints
5. Adipose tissue: communicates metabolic state of body to immune
system via hormones called adipokines, which in turn control immune cell
activity
Immune System (Parts & Function): Digestive System - ✔✔Provides
physical barriers, innate and adaptive immunity:
1. HCl and pepsin: neutralizes pathogens before entering intestine
2. GALT: houses 70-80% of immune system cells
3. Epithelial cells: secrete protective mucous as barrier against colonization
and invasion by pathogens (1 layer thick in small intestine; 2 layers thick in
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,large intestine), rich in antimicrobial proteins like lysozyme (enzyme that
catalyzes destruction of cell walls of certain bacteria), facilitate nutrient
digestion and assimilations, provide immunological surveillance signals at
gut-mucosa-lumen interaface
4. Gut Flora in Large Intestine: stimulates immunity, feeds epithelial cells
(produce SFAs for fuel), crowds out pathogenic bacteria
Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic System- Primary Organs &
Tissues - ✔✔-Bone Marrow
-Thymus
Immune System (Parts & Function): Bone Marrow - ✔✔-Spongy tissue
inside bones where all new blood cells and immune cells are created
-Housed mainly in central skeletal system--pelvis, sternum, cranium, ribs,
vertebrae, scapulae, femur
Immune System (Parts & Function): Thymus - ✔✔-Adaptive immune
response "school" where T cells are taught how to respond to specific
pathogens and how to differentiate between self-cells and invaders
-Immature T cells migrate from b_______ m____________ to
t_______________ to continue development
-Once mature, T cells migrate to other lymphatic tissue and organs where
they become active when needed
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic System- Secondary Organs
& Tissues - ✔✔-Lymph nodes
-Lymphatic vessels
-Lymphatic fluid
-MALT (Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)
-Spleen
Main transportation systems and "meet-up spots" for pathogens, antigens,
phagocytes, B cells, and T cells
Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymph Nodes - ✔✔-"Dating bars"
where B and T cells meet antigens and antigen presenting cells
-Antigens and antigen presenting cells enter through incoming arteriole or
(afferent) lymphatic vessel (a way to catch invaders)
-B cells, T cells and antigen presenting cells circulate through lymphatic
system until they make a "match"
-Provide "factory space" for B and T cells to proliferate in response to a
specific pathogen or antigen
-Scattered throughout body, both superficial and deep
Immune System (Parts & Function): Lymphatic Vessel - ✔✔-Entry point for
antigens and antigen presenting cells
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, -Closed at one end and start as small lymphatic capillaries in tissues
-Carry lymph that forms in tissues to larger l_______________
v________________
-Along with blood stream, this acts as highways to transport cells and
substances to the scene of the "crime"
Immune System (Parts & Function): MALT - ✔✔Mucosal Associated
Lymphoid Tissue
-Specialized lymphatic tissue situated along all mucosal surfaces of the
body
-Found in skin, eyes, nose, mouth, tonsils, GI tract, respiratory tract, urinary
tract, reproductive tract,
-Provide sites for macrophages, B cells and T cells to meet up with
pathogens and antigens (microbes, viruses, parasites, allergens)
-Stand watch over body's barriers by communicating directly with mucosal
surfaces
-Outgoing lymphatics connect these vessels with lymphatic system
Immune System (Parts & Function): MALT Subcategories - ✔✔-Stand
watch over body's barriers by communicating directly with mucosal
surfaces
4
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
