GMS 5057 - Medical Cell Biology - Test 1
questions well answered to pass
Definition of templated polymerization - correct answer ✔✔DNA is split apart and each strand is used as
a template when being replicated or during transcription.
What are regulatory DNA - correct answer ✔✔They are genes that control when, where, and how much
genes are expressed
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that sexually reproduce arise from - correct answer ✔✔single cell
(zygote)
Cell function - correct answer ✔✔interpret hereditary DNA and express information to coordinate
synthesis of molecules that assemble into complex structures that form more cells.
Monomers of DNA and RNA - correct answer ✔✔Nucleotide
components of a nucleotide - correct answer ✔✔sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
The backbone of a nucleotide has what types of chemical bonds - correct answer ✔✔covalent
The nucleotide bases interact with eachother via what types of bonds - correct answer ✔✔Hydrogen
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - correct answer ✔✔- DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- Genes in DNA and hereditary information is expressed.
What are enzymes - correct answer ✔✔proteins with catalytic sites that catalyze specific chemical
reactions
,Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls - correct answer ✔✔Lysozyme
Main currency for energy in cells - correct answer ✔✔ATP
What structural part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents the passive diffusion of hydrophilic substances
- correct answer ✔✔hydrophobic core
Amphipathic - correct answer ✔✔having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region
Liposome - correct answer ✔✔Phospholipid bilayer that forms an aqueous compartment as a result of
phospholipids being submerged into water.
What are the two groups of prokaryotes - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What are the three branches of the tree of life - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Sequence conservation in rRNA genes among various species including human suggest what? - correct
answer ✔✔life originated from an ancestral cell.
What are three ways that new genes can arise - correct answer ✔✔Intragenic mutation
Gene duplication
DNA segment shuffling
Examples of mutations - correct answer ✔✔nucleotide changes, deletions, and insertions
Horizontal gene transfer - correct answer ✔✔- transfer of DNA between different organisms (particularly
in bacterial species and rarely in eukaryotic species).
Vertical gene transfer - correct answer ✔✔parent to progeny
, Gene family - correct answer ✔✔Genes that share related sequences and functions
Largest family of genes - correct answer ✔✔ABC transporters
ABC transporters - correct answer ✔✔- ATP-binding cassette transporters
- Transporters that use ATP as energy to perform various functions.
homologous genes - correct answer ✔✔two or more genes derived from the same ancestral gene
Orthologs - correct answer ✔✔Homologous genes with a common ancestor in different species due to a
speciation event.
Paralogs - correct answer ✔✔Homologous genes with a common ancestor in the same species, usually
due to gene duplication and divergence.
Viruses that infect bacterial cells - correct answer ✔✔bacteriophages
Mutant analysis - correct answer ✔✔using mutants to understand how a biological process normally
works
Mitochondrion origin - correct answer ✔✔An ancient eukaryotic precursor cell engulfed a bacterial cell
and became a host for the bacterial cell. A symbiotic relationship was formed.
Human cells have hybrid genomes including: - correct answer ✔✔Nuclear and mitochondrial
c-KIT - correct answer ✔✔Cellular receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylates tyrosines on certain cytosolic
proteins. Regulates function and migration of melanocytes in skin.
Piebaldism - correct answer ✔✔Absence of melanocytes in areas of skin that have less pigmentation.
questions well answered to pass
Definition of templated polymerization - correct answer ✔✔DNA is split apart and each strand is used as
a template when being replicated or during transcription.
What are regulatory DNA - correct answer ✔✔They are genes that control when, where, and how much
genes are expressed
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms that sexually reproduce arise from - correct answer ✔✔single cell
(zygote)
Cell function - correct answer ✔✔interpret hereditary DNA and express information to coordinate
synthesis of molecules that assemble into complex structures that form more cells.
Monomers of DNA and RNA - correct answer ✔✔Nucleotide
components of a nucleotide - correct answer ✔✔sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
The backbone of a nucleotide has what types of chemical bonds - correct answer ✔✔covalent
The nucleotide bases interact with eachother via what types of bonds - correct answer ✔✔Hydrogen
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - correct answer ✔✔- DNA -> RNA -> Protein
- Genes in DNA and hereditary information is expressed.
What are enzymes - correct answer ✔✔proteins with catalytic sites that catalyze specific chemical
reactions
,Enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of polysaccharides in bacterial cell walls - correct answer ✔✔Lysozyme
Main currency for energy in cells - correct answer ✔✔ATP
What structural part of the phospholipid bilayer prevents the passive diffusion of hydrophilic substances
- correct answer ✔✔hydrophobic core
Amphipathic - correct answer ✔✔having both a hydrophilic region and a hydrophobic region
Liposome - correct answer ✔✔Phospholipid bilayer that forms an aqueous compartment as a result of
phospholipids being submerged into water.
What are the two groups of prokaryotes - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria and Archaea
What are the three branches of the tree of life - correct answer ✔✔Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Sequence conservation in rRNA genes among various species including human suggest what? - correct
answer ✔✔life originated from an ancestral cell.
What are three ways that new genes can arise - correct answer ✔✔Intragenic mutation
Gene duplication
DNA segment shuffling
Examples of mutations - correct answer ✔✔nucleotide changes, deletions, and insertions
Horizontal gene transfer - correct answer ✔✔- transfer of DNA between different organisms (particularly
in bacterial species and rarely in eukaryotic species).
Vertical gene transfer - correct answer ✔✔parent to progeny
, Gene family - correct answer ✔✔Genes that share related sequences and functions
Largest family of genes - correct answer ✔✔ABC transporters
ABC transporters - correct answer ✔✔- ATP-binding cassette transporters
- Transporters that use ATP as energy to perform various functions.
homologous genes - correct answer ✔✔two or more genes derived from the same ancestral gene
Orthologs - correct answer ✔✔Homologous genes with a common ancestor in different species due to a
speciation event.
Paralogs - correct answer ✔✔Homologous genes with a common ancestor in the same species, usually
due to gene duplication and divergence.
Viruses that infect bacterial cells - correct answer ✔✔bacteriophages
Mutant analysis - correct answer ✔✔using mutants to understand how a biological process normally
works
Mitochondrion origin - correct answer ✔✔An ancient eukaryotic precursor cell engulfed a bacterial cell
and became a host for the bacterial cell. A symbiotic relationship was formed.
Human cells have hybrid genomes including: - correct answer ✔✔Nuclear and mitochondrial
c-KIT - correct answer ✔✔Cellular receptor tyrosine kinase. Phosphorylates tyrosines on certain cytosolic
proteins. Regulates function and migration of melanocytes in skin.
Piebaldism - correct answer ✔✔Absence of melanocytes in areas of skin that have less pigmentation.
