1|Page
Bone Density -ARRT Criteria Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
1500mg/day - ANSWER ✔✔-What is the calcium recommendation for postmenopausal women not on
estrogen therapy and men older than 65?
Osteoporosis - ANSWER ✔✔-* Disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of
bone tissue
* bone mineral density or bone mineral content T-score of less than -2.5
Primary osteoporosis - ANSWER ✔✔-Not caused by an underlying disease, classified as Type 1 (post-
menopausal) or type 2 (Senile or age related)
Secondary Osteoporosis - ANSWER ✔✔-Caused by an underlying disease that results in an imbalance of
bone turnover (EX: hyperparathyroidism, gonadal insufficiency, calcium deficiency, osteomalacia,
rheumatoid arthritis, anorexia, gastrectomy, gluten hypersensitivity, multiple myeloma, insulin
dependent diabetes)
Functions of the bone - ANSWER ✔✔-Supports the body and protects vital organs, manufactures red
blood cells, stores the minerals that are necessary for life
Cortical and Trabecular - ANSWER ✔✔-What are the two types of bone?
Cortical Bone - ANSWER ✔✔-Dense, compact outer shell of all bones and the shafts of the long bones;
supports weight, resists bending and twisting, and accounts for about 80% of the skeletal bones
Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved.
, 2|Page
Trabecular bone - ANSWER ✔✔-Delicate, latticework structure within the bones that adds strength
without excessive weight; supports compressive loading at the spine, hip, and calcaneus and is also
found in the ends of long bones, such as the distal radius
Osteoclasts - ANSWER ✔✔-Bone-destroying calls that break down and remove old bone, leaving pits
Osteoblasts - ANSWER ✔✔-Bone-building cells that fill the pits left by resorption with new bone. (TIP: B
for building)
Remodeling cycle in bone remodeling - ANSWER ✔✔-The process of bone resorption by osteoclasts
followed by bone formation by osteoblasts. The relative rates of resorption and formation determine
whether bone mass increase, remains stable, or decreases. Resorption lasts about 1 week, and formation
lasts about 3 months. With this process, a new skeleton is formed about every 7 years.
Age, hormones, pathology - ANSWER ✔✔-What factors affect bone remodeling?
Genetics, endocrine, nutrition, lifestyle, medications - ANSWER ✔✔-What are 5 risk factors of bone loss?
Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, lithium, GnRH agonist, long term heparin, excessive thyroid treatment -
ANSWER ✔✔-What medications can affect bone loss?
Mean - ANSWER ✔✔-A statistic commonly called average. The sum of the data values divided by the
number of data values
Standar Deviation - ANSWER ✔✔-Measure of the variablility of the data values about their mean value
Coefficient of Variation (CV) - ANSWER ✔✔-Statistic used to compare the standard deviations from
different datasets, which may have different means. Also a measure of precision. Calculated as the SD
divided by the mean, times 100. A smaller %CV indicates precision.
Equation: %CV=(SD/Mean) x 100
Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved.
Bone Density -ARRT Criteria Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
1500mg/day - ANSWER ✔✔-What is the calcium recommendation for postmenopausal women not on
estrogen therapy and men older than 65?
Osteoporosis - ANSWER ✔✔-* Disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of
bone tissue
* bone mineral density or bone mineral content T-score of less than -2.5
Primary osteoporosis - ANSWER ✔✔-Not caused by an underlying disease, classified as Type 1 (post-
menopausal) or type 2 (Senile or age related)
Secondary Osteoporosis - ANSWER ✔✔-Caused by an underlying disease that results in an imbalance of
bone turnover (EX: hyperparathyroidism, gonadal insufficiency, calcium deficiency, osteomalacia,
rheumatoid arthritis, anorexia, gastrectomy, gluten hypersensitivity, multiple myeloma, insulin
dependent diabetes)
Functions of the bone - ANSWER ✔✔-Supports the body and protects vital organs, manufactures red
blood cells, stores the minerals that are necessary for life
Cortical and Trabecular - ANSWER ✔✔-What are the two types of bone?
Cortical Bone - ANSWER ✔✔-Dense, compact outer shell of all bones and the shafts of the long bones;
supports weight, resists bending and twisting, and accounts for about 80% of the skeletal bones
Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved.
, 2|Page
Trabecular bone - ANSWER ✔✔-Delicate, latticework structure within the bones that adds strength
without excessive weight; supports compressive loading at the spine, hip, and calcaneus and is also
found in the ends of long bones, such as the distal radius
Osteoclasts - ANSWER ✔✔-Bone-destroying calls that break down and remove old bone, leaving pits
Osteoblasts - ANSWER ✔✔-Bone-building cells that fill the pits left by resorption with new bone. (TIP: B
for building)
Remodeling cycle in bone remodeling - ANSWER ✔✔-The process of bone resorption by osteoclasts
followed by bone formation by osteoblasts. The relative rates of resorption and formation determine
whether bone mass increase, remains stable, or decreases. Resorption lasts about 1 week, and formation
lasts about 3 months. With this process, a new skeleton is formed about every 7 years.
Age, hormones, pathology - ANSWER ✔✔-What factors affect bone remodeling?
Genetics, endocrine, nutrition, lifestyle, medications - ANSWER ✔✔-What are 5 risk factors of bone loss?
Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, lithium, GnRH agonist, long term heparin, excessive thyroid treatment -
ANSWER ✔✔-What medications can affect bone loss?
Mean - ANSWER ✔✔-A statistic commonly called average. The sum of the data values divided by the
number of data values
Standar Deviation - ANSWER ✔✔-Measure of the variablility of the data values about their mean value
Coefficient of Variation (CV) - ANSWER ✔✔-Statistic used to compare the standard deviations from
different datasets, which may have different means. Also a measure of precision. Calculated as the SD
divided by the mean, times 100. A smaller %CV indicates precision.
Equation: %CV=(SD/Mean) x 100
Created by Grace Amelia © 2025, All Rights Reserved.
