TEST BANK McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (9TH) by Julia Rogers

PATHOPHYSIOLOGYd8THdEDITIONdMCCANCEdTESTdBANK


McCance and Huether’s, Pathophysiology:The Biologic Basis f
d d d d d d



or Disease in Adults and Children, 9TH ED(PATHOPHYSIOLOG
d d d d d d d



Y 9TH EDITION)
d d




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYd8THdEDITIONdMCCANCEdTESTdBANK



Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
d d d d



d

MULTIPLEdCHOICEd
d

1. Whichdstatementdbestddescribesdthedcellulardfunctiondofdmetabolicdabsorption?d
a. Cellsdcandproducedproteins.d c.dCellsdcandtakedindanddusednutrients.d
b. Cellsdcandsecreteddigestivedenzymes.d d.dCellsdcandsynthesizedfats.d
d

d


ANS:dCd
Indmetabolicdabsorption,dalldcellsdtakedindanddusednutrientsdanddotherdsubstancesdfromdtheirdsu
rroundings.dThedremainingdoptionsdarednotdinclusivedindtheirddescriptionsdofdcellulardmetabol
icdabsorption.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPaged2d
d

2. Mostdofdadcell’sdgeneticdinformation,dincludingdRNAdanddDNA,disdcontaineddindthe:d
a. Mitochondriad c.dNucleolusd
b. Ribosomed d.dLysosomed
d

d


ANS:dCd
Thednucleusdcontainsdthednucleolus,dadsmallddensedstructuredcomposeddlargelydofdRNA,dmost
dofdthedcellulardDNA,danddthedDNA-

bindingdproteins,dsuchdasdthedhistones,dwhichdregulateditsdactivity.dThedotherdoptionsddodnotdc
ontaindmostdofdadcell’sdgeneticdinformation.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPaged2d
d


3. Whichdcomponentdofdthedcelldproducesdhydrogendperoxided(HNURSINGTB.COM
2O2)dbydusingdoxygendtodremovedhydrogendatomsdfromdspecificdsubstratesdindandoxidativedre
action?d
a. Lysosomesd c.dRibosomesd
b. Peroxisomesd d.dOxyhydrosomesd
d

d


ANS:dBd
Peroxisomesdaredsodnameddbecausedtheydusuallydcontaindenzymesdthatdusedoxygendtodremove
dhydrogendatomsdfromdspecificdsubstratesdindandoxidativedreactiondthatdproducesdH2O2,dwhich

disdadpowerfuldoxidantdanddpotentiallyddestructivedifditdaccumulatesdordescapesdfromdperoxiso

mes.dRibosomesdaredRNA-
proteindcomplexesd(nucleoproteins)dthatdaredsynthesizeddindthednucleolusdanddsecreteddintodth
edcytoplasmdthroughdporesdindthednucleardenvelopedcalleddnucleardporedcomplexes.dLysosom
esdaredsaclikedstructuresdthatdoriginatedfromdthedGolgidcomplexdanddcontaindmoredthand40ddig
estivedenzymesdcalleddhydrolases,dwhichdcatalyzedbondsdindproteins,dlipids,dnucleicdacids,dan
ddcarbohydrates.dOxyhydrosomesdaredinvolveddindenzymedproduction.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPaged8d
d

4. Whichdcelldcomponentdisdcapabledofdcellulardautodigestiondwhenditdisdreleaseddduringdcelldinjur
y?d




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYd8THdEDITIONdMCCANCEdTESTdBANK

a. Ribosomed c.dSmoothdendoplasmicdreticulumd
b. Golgidcomplexd d.dLysosomesd
d

d


ANS:dDd
Thedlysosomaldmembranedactsdasdadprotectivedshielddbetweendthedpowerfulddigestivedenzyme
sdwithindthedlysosomedanddthedcytoplasm,dpreventingdtheirdleakagedintodthedcytoplasmicdmatr
ix.dDisruptiondofdthedmembranedbydvariousdtreatmentsdordcellulardinjurydleadsdtodadreleasedofdt
hedlysosomaldenzymes,dwhichdcandthendreactdwithdtheirdspecificdsubstrates,dcausingdcellulards
elf-digestion.dThedotherdoptionsddodnotdcorrectlyddescribedthisdprocess.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPagesd7-8d
d

5. Whatdisdthedsequencedofdstepsdindtheddevelopmentdofdaddigestivedenzymedbydthedpancreasdcellsdf
romdthedinitialdtranscriptiondtodthedreleasedfromdthedcell?d
a. ThedenzymedisdtranscribeddfromdDNAdbydRNAdindthednucleus,dproceedsdtodthedribosomedf
ordsynthesis,danddisdtransporteddindadsecretorydvesicledtodthedcelldmembrane.d
b. ThedenzymedisdtranscribeddfromdRNAdbydDNAdindthednucleus,dproceedsdtodthedlysosomed
fordsynthesis,danddisdtransporteddindandencapsulateddmembranedtodthedcelldmembrane.d
c. Thedenzymedisdtranscribeddbydthedmitochondriadindthednucleus,dproceedsdtodthedribosomed
fordsynthesis,danddisdtransporteddindadcytoskeletondtodthedcelldmembrane.d
d. ThedenzymedisdtranscribeddfromdDNAdbydRNAdindthednucleus,dproceedsdtodthed
Golgidcomplexdfordsynthesis,danddisdtransporteddindadcytosoldtodthedcelldmembrane.d
d

d


ANS:dAd
ThedenzymedisdtranscribeddfromdDNAdbydRNAdindthednucleus,dproceedsdtodthedribosomedfords
ynthesis,danddisdtransporteddindadsecretorydvesicledtodthedcelldmembrane.dThedotherdoptionsddo
dnotdcorrectlyddescribedthisdprocess.d


d
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PTS:d1d REF:dPaged7d|dFigured1-5d d
d

6. DuringdwhichdphasedofdthedcelldcycledisdDNAdsynthesized?d
a. G1d c.dG2d
b. Sd d.dMd
d

d


ANS:dBd
Thedfourddesignateddphasesdofdthedcelldcycledare:d(1)dthedG1dphased(Gd=dgap),dwhichdisdthedperi
oddbetweendthedMdphased(Md=dmitosis)danddthedstartdofdDNAdsynthesis;d(2)dthedSdphased(Sd=ds
ynthesis),dduringdwhichdDNAdisdsynthesizeddindthedcelldnucleus;d(3)dthedG2dphase,dduringdwhi
chdRNAdanddproteindsynthesisdoccurs,dthedperioddbetweendthedcompletiondofdDNAdsynthesisd
anddthednextdphased(M);dandd(4)dthedMdphase,dwhichdincludesdnucleardanddcytoplasmicddivisi
on.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPaged37d
d

7. Whatdorganicdcompounddfacilitatesdtransportationdacrossdcelldmembranesdbydactingdasdrecepto
rs,dtransportdchannelsdfordelectrolytes,danddenzymesdtoddrivedactivedpumps?d
a. Lipidsd c.dProteinsd
b. Proteasesd d.dCarbohydratesd
d




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGYd8THdEDITIONdMCCANCEdTESTdBANK

d


ANS:dCd
Proteinsdactdasd(1)drecognitiondanddbindingdunitsd(receptors)dfordsubstancesdmovingdindanddou
tdofdthedcell;d(2)dporesdordtransportdchannelsdfordvariousdelectricallydchargeddparticlesdcalleddi
onsdordelectrolytesdanddspecificdcarriersdfordaminodacidsdanddmonosaccharides;dandd(3)dspecif
icdenzymesdthatddrivedactivedpumpsdthatdpromotedthedconcentrationdofdcertaindions,dparticular
lydpotassiumd(K+),dwithindthedcelldwhiledkeepingdconcentrationsdofdotherdions,dfordexample,ds
odiumd(Na+),dbelowdthedconcentrationsdfounddindthedextracellulardenvironment.dThedotherdop
tionsddodnotdcorrectlyddescribedthisdprocess.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPaged13d|dPaged15d d
d

8. Understandingdthedvariousdstepsdofdproteolyticdcascades,dsuchdasdcaspase-
mediateddapoptosisdanddcomplementdcascades,dmaydbedusefuldinddesigningddrugdtherapydfordw
hichdhumanddiseases?d
a. Cardiacdanddvascularddisordersd
b. Autoimmunedanddmalignantddisordersd
c. Gastrointestinaldanddrenalddisordersd
d. Endocrinedanddgastrointestinalddisordersd
d

d


ANS:dBd
Understandingdthedvariousdstepsdinvolveddindthisdprocessdisdcrucialdforddesigningddrugdinterv
entions.dDysregulationdofdproteasesdfeaturesdprominentlydindmanydhumanddiseases,dincludin
gdcancer,dautoimmunity,danddneurodegenerativeddisorders.dThedotherdoptionsddodnotdcorrectl
yddescribedthisdprocess.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPaged15d
d

9. Whichdstructuredpreventsdwater-
solubledmoleculesdfromdenteringdcellsdacrossdthedplasmadmembrane?d NURSINGTB.COM

a. Carbohydratedchainsd c.dMembranedchanneldproteinsd
b. Glycoproteindchannelsd d.dLipiddbilayerd
d

d


ANS:dDd
Thedbilayer’sdstructuredaccountsdfordonedofdthedessentialdfunctionsdofdthedplasmadmembrane.dI
tdisdimpermeabledtodmostdwater-
solubledmoleculesd(moleculesdthatddissolvedindwater)dbecausedthedwater-
solubledmoleculesdaredinsolubledindthedoilydcoredregion.dThedbilayerdservesdasdadbarrierdtodthed
diffusiondofdwaterdanddhydrophilicdsubstancesdwhiledallowingdlipid-
solubledmolecules,dsuchdasdoxygend(O2)danddcarbonddioxided(CO2),dtoddiffusedthroughditdreadi
ly.dThedotherdoptionsddodnotdcorrectlyddescribedthisdprocess.d
d

PTS:d1d REF:dPagesd12-13d
d

10. Thedfluiddmosaicdmodeldexplains:d
a. Howdadcelldmembranedfunctionsd
b. Whydourdbodiesdappeardtodbedsolidd
c. Howdtissuedisddifferentiatedd
d. Howdfluiddmovesdbetweendthedintracellulardanddextracellulardcompartmentsd
d




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