GMGT 2070 Midterm Exam
Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
What are hygiene factors? - Answer-Factors-such as company policy and
administration, supervision and salary- that, when adequate in a job, placate
employees. When these factors are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied
What is McClelland's theory of needs? - Answer-Achievement, power and affiliation are
three important needs that help explain motivation
What is expectancy theory? - Answer-The theory that individuals act based on their
evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good
performance will be followed by a given outcome, and whether that outcome is
attractive
What is expectancy? - Answer-The belief that effort is related to performance
What is instrumentality? - Answer-The belief that performance is related to rewards
What is valence? - Answer-The value or importance an individual places on a reward
What is goal-setting theory? - Answer-A theory that says that specific and difficult goals,
with feedback, lead to higher performance
What is a goal? - Answer-What an individual is trying to accomplish
What is management by objectives (MBO)? - Answer-An approach to goal setting in
which specific measurable goals are jointly set by managers and employees; progress
on goals is periodically reviewed, and rewards are allocated on the basis of this
progress
What is an acronym that helps us remember what is needed for goals to be effective? -
Answer-Specific
Measurable
, Attainable
Results-oriented
Time-bound
What is a promotion focus? - Answer-A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for
goals through advancement and accomplishment
What is a prevention focus? - Answer-A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for
goals by fulfilling duties and obligations
What is self-efficacy theory? - Answer-Individuals' beliefs in their ability to perform a
task influence their behaviour
What are four ways self-efficacy can be increased? - Answer--Enactive mastery
-Vicarious modelling
-Verbal persuasion
-Arousal
What is reinforcement theory? - Answer-A theory that says that behaviour is a function
of its consequences
What is operant conditioning theory? - Answer-The most relevant component of
reinforcement theory. It states that people learn to behave to get something they want
or to avoid something they don't want
What is behaviourism? - Answer-A theory that argues that behaviour follows stimuli in a
relatively unthinking manner
What is continuous reinforcement? - Answer-A desired behaviour is reinforced each and
every time it is demonstrated
What is intermittent reinforcement? - Answer-A desired behaviour is reinforced often
enough to make the behaviour worth repeating, but not every time it is demonstrated
What is fixed-interval schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at fixed time intervals
What is variable-interval schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at variable time
intervals
What is fixed-ratio schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at fixed amounts of output
What is variable-ratio schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at variable amounts of
output
What is equity theory? - Answer-A theory that asserts that individuals compare their job
inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequalities
Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
What are hygiene factors? - Answer-Factors-such as company policy and
administration, supervision and salary- that, when adequate in a job, placate
employees. When these factors are adequate, people will not be dissatisfied
What is McClelland's theory of needs? - Answer-Achievement, power and affiliation are
three important needs that help explain motivation
What is expectancy theory? - Answer-The theory that individuals act based on their
evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good
performance will be followed by a given outcome, and whether that outcome is
attractive
What is expectancy? - Answer-The belief that effort is related to performance
What is instrumentality? - Answer-The belief that performance is related to rewards
What is valence? - Answer-The value or importance an individual places on a reward
What is goal-setting theory? - Answer-A theory that says that specific and difficult goals,
with feedback, lead to higher performance
What is a goal? - Answer-What an individual is trying to accomplish
What is management by objectives (MBO)? - Answer-An approach to goal setting in
which specific measurable goals are jointly set by managers and employees; progress
on goals is periodically reviewed, and rewards are allocated on the basis of this
progress
What is an acronym that helps us remember what is needed for goals to be effective? -
Answer-Specific
Measurable
, Attainable
Results-oriented
Time-bound
What is a promotion focus? - Answer-A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for
goals through advancement and accomplishment
What is a prevention focus? - Answer-A self-regulation strategy that involves striving for
goals by fulfilling duties and obligations
What is self-efficacy theory? - Answer-Individuals' beliefs in their ability to perform a
task influence their behaviour
What are four ways self-efficacy can be increased? - Answer--Enactive mastery
-Vicarious modelling
-Verbal persuasion
-Arousal
What is reinforcement theory? - Answer-A theory that says that behaviour is a function
of its consequences
What is operant conditioning theory? - Answer-The most relevant component of
reinforcement theory. It states that people learn to behave to get something they want
or to avoid something they don't want
What is behaviourism? - Answer-A theory that argues that behaviour follows stimuli in a
relatively unthinking manner
What is continuous reinforcement? - Answer-A desired behaviour is reinforced each and
every time it is demonstrated
What is intermittent reinforcement? - Answer-A desired behaviour is reinforced often
enough to make the behaviour worth repeating, but not every time it is demonstrated
What is fixed-interval schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at fixed time intervals
What is variable-interval schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at variable time
intervals
What is fixed-ratio schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at fixed amounts of output
What is variable-ratio schedule? - Answer-The reward is given at variable amounts of
output
What is equity theory? - Answer-A theory that asserts that individuals compare their job
inputs and outcomes with those of others and then respond to eliminate any inequalities
