GCSE SOCIOLOGY AQA: 25 KEY STUDIES - DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS

GCSE SOCIOLOGY AQA: 25 KEY
STUDIES - DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS

DelphypoandpoLeonard,poFEMINISTpotheorypo-poANS--
Menpobenefitpofrompothepoexploitationpoofpowomen,pothepofamilypomaintainspopatriarchypoi
nposociety.poWomenpoarepooppressedpobypothepofamilypowhichpoispoanpoeconomicposyste
m:poMenpobenefitpofrompoandpoexploitpothepoworkpoofpowomen,powhenpowomenpohavepop
aidpoemploymentpotheypoarepoalsopoexpectedpotopocarrypooutpohouseholdpotasks.

AnnepoOakley,poFEMINISTpotheorypo-poANS--
Explorespothepoideapoofpoapoconventionalpofamilypowhichpoispodefinedpoaspo'nuclearpofamil
iespocomposedpoofpolegallypomarriedpocouples,povoluntarilypochoosingpothepoparenthoodp
oofpoonepoorpomorepochildren'.poThepostudypoexplorespothepopowerpoofpoconventionalpofa
milies,poincludingpoitspooriginspoandpoexplanations;poreviewspocontemporaryporesearch;po
examinespothepo'strains'poofpobeingpoconventionalpoandposocialpocontrol.poThepopaperpow
aspowrittenpobeforepocivilpopartnershipspoandposameposexpomarriages;pohowever,poitpocon
cludespothatpo'therepoareposignspothatpoofficialpostereotypespoarepobeingpofeltpotopobepoincr
easinglypoarchaicpoandpothatpo...pocertainpogroupspoinpothepocommunitypomaypobepomovin
gpotowardspoapomorepoopenpoappraisalpoofpootherpowayspoofpolivingpo-
pobothpoinpoandpowithoutpofamilies'.poInpootherpowordspoitpoispoinpodecline.


Parsons,poFUNCTIONALISTpo-poANS--
ThepoAmericanpofamilypoperformspotwopobasicpoandpoirreduciblepo(essential)pofunctionspo
whichpoarepocommonpotopoallpofamiliespoinpoallposocietiesThesepoarepothepoprimaryposocia
lisationpoofpochildrenpoandpothepostabilisationpoofpoadultpopersonalities,poegpotopogivepoand
poreceivepoemotionalposupport.poLaterpoauthorspohavepocriticisedpothepoworkpoaspopresent
ingpoanpoidealisedpopicturepoofpofamilypolifepocentredpoonpothepomiddle-classpoexperience.

RapoportpoandpoRapoport.po-poANS--
PioneeringpofamilyporesearcherspoworkingpoinpobothpoBritainpoandpoAmerica.poDescribedp
ofivepodifferentpoaspectspoofpofamilypodiversity:poorganisational,po(egpointernalpodivisionspo
ofpodomesticpolabour),poculturalpo(beliefspoandpovalues),poclasspo(egpohowpothepofamily'sp
opositionpoinpotheposocialpoclassposystempoaffectspothepoavailabilitypoofporesources),polifepo
coursepo(stagepoinpothepofamilypolifepocycle)poandpocohortpo(historicalpoperiod).poTheirpow
orkpowaspowrittenpobeforepothepoemergencepoofpogaypoandpolesbianpohouseholdspoaspoap
omorepoopenpoandpoacceptedpofeaturepoofposociety.


WillmottpoandpoYoung,poFUNCTIONALISTSpo-poANS--
Apolargeposcaleposocialposurveypo(nearlypo2,000popeoplepowerepointerviewedpoinpoGreater

, poLondonpoandposurroundingpoareas,)poThepotermposymmetricalpofamilypotopodescribepoth
epoStagepo3po(homepocentred)ponuclearpofamily.poInposuchpofamiliespo'symmetry'poreferspo
topotheposimilarpocontributionspomadepobypoeachpospousepotopotheporunningpoofpothepohou
seholdpoegposharedpochorespoandposharedpodecisions.poConjugalporolespoareponotpointerc
hangeablepobutpotheypoarepoofpoequalpoimportance,pomorepocommonlypoinpow/
cpofamilies.poThepo'PrinciplepoofpoStratifiedpoDiffusion'poispothepotheorypothatpowhatpohapp
enspoatpothepotoppoofpothepostratificationposystempotodaypowillpodiffusepodownwardspotomo
rrow.poThepotheorypohaspobeenpocriticisedpobypofeministspowhoposawpolittlepoevidencepoofp
oeitherpo'symmetry'poorpoapomovepotowardspoStagepo4poamongstpoworkingpoclasspofamilie
s.

Zaretsky,poMARXISTpo-poANS--
thepoviewpothatpomodernpocapitalistposocietypohaspocreatedpoanpoillusionpothatpothepo'priva
tepolife'poofpothepofamilypoisposeparatepofrompothepoeconomy.poWhilstpocushioningpothepoef
fectspoofpocapitalismpoitpoperpetuatespotheposystempoandpocannotpocompensatepoforpothep
ogeneralpoalienationpoproducedpobyposuchpoaposociety.poFamilypohaspobecomepoapoproppo
topothepocapitalistpoeconomypo(egpotheposystempodependspoonpothepodomesticpolabourpoo
fpohousewivespowhoporeproducepofuturepogenerationspoofpoworkers)powhilstpoalsoposervin
gpoaspoapovitalpounitpoofpoconsumption.

Ball,poINTERACTIONISTpo-poANS--
Basedpoonpothreepoyearspofieldworkpoaspoapoparticipantpoobserverpoinpoaposouthpocoastpo
comprehensiveposchool;poApoparticipantpoobservationpostudypoinpothepotraditionpoofpoColi
npoLacey'spoHightownpoGrammarpoandpoDavidpoHargreavespoSocialpoRelationspoinpoapoS
econdarypoSchool.poThepostudypodescribespoaposchoolpoinpothepoprocesspoofpochangepoa
ndporaisespoquestionspoaboutpotheposelectionpoandposocialisationpoexperiencedpobypotwop
ocohortspomovingpothroughpotheposchool,poonepobandedpobypoabilitypoandpothepootherpota
ughtpoinpomixedpoabilitypoclasses.

Ball,poBowepoandpoGerwitzpo-poANS--
Thepostudypoevaluatespothepoimpactpoofpoparentalpochoicepoandpothepopublicationpoofpolea
guepotables,poegpothepopressurepotoporeintroducepostreamingpoandposettingpoandpothepote
ndencypoforposomeposchoolspotopofocuspoonpothepomorepoable.

BowlespoandpoGintis,poMARXISTSpo-poANS--
Theporolepoofpoeducationpoinpocapitalistposocietiespoispotheporeproductionpoofpolabourpopo
wer.po
Theypoarguepotherepoispoapoclosepocorrespondencepobetweenpotheposocialporelationshipsp
oinpothepoworkpoplacepoandposocialporelationshipspoinpothepoeducationposystempoegpothepo
creationpoofpoapohardworking,podocile,poobedient,poandpohighlypomotivatedpoworkforce,po
whichpoispotoopodividedpotopochallengepothepoauthoritypoofpomanagement.poTheyporejectpot
hepoviewpothatpocapitalistposocietiespoarepomeritocraticpoandpobelievepothatpoclasspobackg
roundpoispothepomostpoimportantpofactorpoinfluencingpolevelspoofpoattainment.