Summary - Human physiology (PSG3C01)

B.Sc PSYCHOLOGY

3rd SEM COMPLIMENTARY COURSE

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT




PSG3C01- HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

2019 ADMISSION




Prepared by

Dhanya Nair

Assistant Professor

Department of Psychology

, CPA College of Global Studies, Puthanathani

COURSE CODE PSG3C01

TITLE OF THE COURSE HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY III

SEMESTER IN WHICH THE 3RD

COURSE TO BE TAUGHT

NO. OF CREDITS 3RD

NO. OF CONTACT HOURS 75 (5hrs/week)



Objectives of the course:

 This course Familiarizes the student of psychology with the sensory systems,
pathways and perception of various senses. It also introduces the student to the

endocrine system.

 Course Details

MODULE NO. NAME OF MODULE MODULE HOURS

1 The visual system 18

2 Auditory system 16

3 Gustatory and olfactory system 16

4 Cutaneous senes 20

5 Endocrine system 20

,MODULE 1: THE VISUAL SYSTEM

 Structure of the human eye




 Eye anatomy and physiology

 Eyes are spheroid shape organs fitted into the two orbitals of the skull. There are three

major parts in each eye like- The sclera (fibrous layer) - Choroid layer – Retina

 The sclera: It makes up the outermost part of eye anatomy. It is made of a dense, strong

fibrous wall consisting of the sclera that is 5/6th and the cornea that is anterior 1/6th of the

eyeball.

 The choroid layer: This is the second layer forming the eyeball. It consists of a densely

capillary rich layer, supplying blood to the eyeball. The choroid layer also acts as a black

screen which prevents extra reflections inside the eyeball, so that we can get a perfect

image.

 Parts are the iris, ciliary body and the ligaments.

 Iris: This is the extension of the choroid layer towards the anterior side of the eye. This

iris is pigmented due to which there appears color in the eyes. The pigment is genetically

determined and can be like black, brown, green, blue, etc

,  Lens: The lens is a biconvex, transparent and elastic structure which can alter its shape.

It helps to focus the objects based on their distance and concentrate the refracted light on

to the retina. When it constricts, it becomes thicker and when it dilates, it becomes thin.

 Retina: This is the innermost layer of the eye made of nerve cells. This neural coat of the

eye is an essential part of the eye. This retina is the only part of the eye that perceives the

light and converts it into electrical energy. It consists of photosensitive cells, namely the

rods and cones.

 The rods are light-sensitive and recognize the dark and bright light.

 The cones are color sensitive and recognize the colors.

 The light received from the lens is converted into a nerve impulse and carried backward

as the optic nerve into the brain for further processing.

 The point at which the nerves from the retina converge is called the optic spot.

 The retinal chamber is filled with vitreous humor.

 Accessory parts of the eye - These are the parts which help in safety and smooth

functioning of the eye. They are - The eyebrows - The eyelids and eyelashes - The

lachrymal bodies

 Segments and Chambers of Eyeball: Eyeball is divided into two segments, the anterior

one and the posterior one.

 Anterior segment: The segmentation inside the eye is based on the position of the lens.

An anterior segment consists of a crystalline lens hanging from the ciliary body by

zonules and all structures in front of it viz. iris, cornea, and two aqueous humor-filled

spaces, i.e., anterior and posterior chambers.