NSG 5000 Quiz 1/ NSG5000 Quiz 1 (2020): South University

NSG 5000 Quiz 1/ NSG5000 Quiz 1 (2020): South University 1. Question : Current research supports the belief that after heart muscle injury, the damage: Student Answer: Remains indefinitely because cardiac cells do not reproduce Is repaired by newly matured cardiomyocytes Gradually decreases in size as mitotic cell division occurs Is replaced by hypertrophy of remaining cells 2. Question : The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process? Student Answer: Receptormediated exocytosis Antiport system Receptormediated endocytosis Passive transport 3. Question : Which statement is true about phagocytosis? Student Answer: Phagocytosis is an example of exocytosis. Phagocytosis is dependent on small vesicles. Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria. Phagocytosis focuses on solute molecules. 4. Question : Lead poisoning affects the nervous system by: Student Answer: Interfering with the function of neurotransmitters Inhibiting the production of myelin around nerves Increasing the resting membrane potential Altering the transport of potassium into the nerves 5. Question : At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because the: Student Answer: Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary oncotic pressure. Interstitial oncotic pressure is higher than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure. Capillary oncotic pressure is lower than the interstitial hydrostatic pressure. 6. Question : Physiologic pH is maintained at approximately 7.4 because bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) exist in a ratio of: Student Answer: 20:1 1:20 10:2 10:5 7. Question : Which organic compounds facilitate transportation across the cell membrane by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? Student Answer: Lipids Proteases Proteins Carbohydrates 8. Question : The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is: Student Answer: Hepatitis Renal failure Trauma to the hypothalamus Pancreatitis 9. Question : During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because: Student Answer: Plasma proteins enter the cell. The adenosine triphosphatase (ATPasedriven pump is stronger during hypoxia. Sodium chloride enters the cell. An influx of glucose occurs through the injured cell membrane. 10. Question : The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of hormonal: Student Answer: Atrophy Hyperplasia Anaplasia Dysplasia 11. Question : Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury? Student Answer: Ribosome Golgi complex Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome 12. Question : Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? Student Answer: Hyperplasia Metaplasia Dysplasia Anaplasia 13. Question : What occurs during exocytosis? . Student Answer: Macromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes. All substances are secreted into the cellular matrix. No repairs in the plasma membrane can take place. Solute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell. 14. Question : Which structure prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma membrane? Student Answer: Carbohydrate chains Glycoprotein channels Membrane channel proteins Lipid bilayer 15. Question : The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances? Student Answer: Parathyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin D Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D Thyroid hormone, vasopressin, and vitamin A Thyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin A 16. Question : What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cells? Student Answer: The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosomes for synthesis, and is transported in secretory vesicles to the cell membrane. transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosomes for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in the cytosol to the cell membrane. 17. Question : In hypoxic injury, sodium enters the cell and causes swelling because: Student Answer: The cell membrane permeability increases for sodium during periods of hypoxia. ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell. The lactic acid produced by the hypoxia binds with sodium in the cell. Sodium cannot be transported to the cell membrane during hypoxia. 18. Question : A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; and carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these findings? Student Answer: Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis 19. Question : Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure? Student Answer: Capillary hydrostatic Interstitial hydrostatic Plasma oncotic Interstitial oncotic 20. Question : Which of the following is an effect of ionizing radiation exposure? Student Answer: Respiratory distress Sun intolerance DNA aberrations Death