Neuropsych Exam 1 Questions Verified| Accurate For Guaranteed Pass| Graded A+.

Phrenology - correct answer extreme localizationalist position Broca's area - correct answer production of language is localized to frontal operculum region (frontal) Wernicke's area - correct answer comprehension of language localized to a posterior portion of the brain in temporal lobe (temporal) Holistic/Mass Action - correct answer whole brain involved irrespective of the function Neurology - correct answer study of medical aspects of CNS disorders and treatments Clinical neuropsychology - correct answer The field that studies patient groups in order to diagnose and treat cognitive impairments Experimental neuropsychology - correct answer The field that studies healthy and patient in order to gain insight into cognition Cognitive Neuroscience - correct answer analysis of higher cognitive functions in brain-damaged patients Cognitive Psychology - correct answer study of mental processes (attention, memory, perception, language) Hindbrain - correct answer cerebellum (motor coordination/learning), reticular formation (sleeping/waking), pons/medulla (breathing/heart function) Diencephalon - correct answer hypothalamus (balance of internal environment), thalamus (sensory gateway) Midbrain (tectum) - correct answer superior colliculus (eye movement), inferior colliculus (auditory control), motor nuclei (limb movements) Forebrain - correct answer basal ganglia (motor control/reward processing), limbic (hippocampus/amygdala/mammillary bodies for emotion/learning), neocortex Meninges - correct answer dura mater (tough), arachnoid membrane (delicate), pia mater (tough) glia - correct answer support for neurons: astrocytes (waste), oligodendrocytes (myelin), ependymal (CSF/ventricles), Schwann (myelin in PNS) Sensory pathway - correct answer sensory receptor--thalamus--primary cortex--secondary cortex--association cortex primary visual cortex names - correct answer primary visual cortex, BA17, V1, striate cortex Decussation - correct answer describes crossing such as in corpus callosum or optic chiasm input vs. output - correct answer afferent=input, efferent=output cytoarchitectonic map vs. topographic - correct answer cytoarchitectonic (Brodmann)=based on organization/structure Topographical=locations of various inputs/outputs in cortex and projection maps for sense modalities Homunculus - correct answer sensory: body surface mapped onto cortical surface with inhibitory connections to distinguish between them motor: areas mapped to evoke movement cortical magnification - correct answer more sensitive regions take up more space in cortex ex) equi-visibility: letters in fovea are smaller because fovea is more sensitive/bigger are on cortex Hierarchical organization Contralateral organization - correct answer hierarchical: increasing integration contralateral: left hemisphere represents right and vise versa Phantom Limb phenomenon - correct answer Ramachandran: experience causes phenomenon because sensory input missing so cells take over new area and face remaps plasticity 3 factors - correct answer short term: release inhibition, changes in synapses long term: growth/pruning of new synapses/axons converging methods - correct answer answering a question with multiple experiments to see if same conclusion is reached spatial resolution vs. temporal resolution - correct answer spatial: structural--amt of detail temporal: functional--localize brain activation at a specific point in time National Adult Reading Test (NART) - correct answer assesses vocabulary for premorbid abilities test-battery vs. customized assessment - correct answer test battery: using standard quantitative/normative data Customized assessment: hypothesis testing with tests given with increasing specificity Intellectual test - correct answer WAIS (Verbal IQ and performance IQ) Visuospatial/perceptual tests - correct answer hooper (part to whole), rey-osterrieth (visual attention/executive control) Memory tests - correct answer digit span (verbal short-term memory), crosi blocks (visuospatial short-term memory) criteria radiologists use for diagnosing dysfunction - correct answer integrity of cortical ribbon, size of ventricles, morphological differences, symmetry, contrast of tissues Thrombosis - correct answer clot that doesn't move embolism - correct answer clot forced along blood stream until clots smaller vessles aneurysm - correct answer vascular dilations prone to rupture hemorrhage - correct answer rupture of cerebral artery Ischemia vs. hematoma - correct answer ischemia: restriction of blood flow hematoma: clot on surface of brain edema - correct answer excess of watery fluid buildup geniculo-striate pathway - correct answer retina--optic nerve--optic chiasm--optic tract--LGN--primary visual cortex tecto-pulvinar pathway - correct answer indirect, bypass of striate cortex, lacks subjective experience of seeing eye--superior colliculi--LGN--secondary visual cortex--other cortical areas for processing retino-tectal pathway - correct answer