American Red Cross-PALS-Final Exam with Complete Solution Correct Answers

A child experiencing bradycardia with inadequate perfusion despite supporting oxygenation and ventilation is receiving compressions. Despite these efforts, the child's status remains unchanged. Which medication would the emergency response team expect to administer next? - Epinephrine A 12-year-old is being treated in the urgent care clinic. The mother reports that the child came home from school yesterday with a high fever, vomiting and multiple episodes of watery diarrhea. The healthcare provider obtains a rhythm strip and notes the following waveform. The provider interprets this as which type of arrhythmia? - Sinus tachycardia After ROSC, a child is experiencing post-cardiac arrest hypoperfusion. The PALS resuscitation team would administer which element to restore intravascular volume and optimize preload? - Isotonic fluid boluses A 30-month old child has been diagnosed with moderate croup. Which medication(s) would the provider administer? - -Nebulized epinephrine -Corticosteroids A 2-year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect? - Croup A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? - -Ventricular fibrillation (VF) -Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT) An advanced airway was placed in a 5-year-old child. Which action(s) would be most appropriate for the team to take to confirm correct placement? - -Auscultate over the lungs and epigastrium for air movement. -Observe for bilateral chest rise. -Evaluate results of capnography. What is considered inadequate perfusion when assessing/caring for a pediatric patient with an arrhythmia? - -Acutely altered mental status -Diminished peripheral pulses -Hypotension A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality CPR? - -Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each -Compressing the chest about 2 inches -Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions -Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression A provider is caring for a 4-year-old child in the urgent care clinic. Primary assessment reveals difficulty breathing and an oxygen saturation of 91%. The provider administers oxygen by nasal cannula with the goal of improving the child's oxygen saturation to what percentage range? - 94% to 99% A 7-year-old child collapses on the playground at school. The school nurse is called to the scene and determines that the child is unresponsive and is not breathing and has no pulse. The nurse initiates CPR. At what rate and depth would the nurse deliver compressions to this child? - 100 to 120 compressions per minute at a depth of about 2 inches A 4-year-old child suddenly collapses in the playroom of the facility. A healthcare provider observes the event and hurries over to assess the child. The healthcare provider completes which assessment first? - Rapid assessment The PALS team leader is conducting a debriefing session with the team. Which topic(s) would the team leader most likely address during the session? - -Evaluation of the objective data gathered during the event -Discussion of the pros and cons of the interventions -Summary of the event, including what actions were taken -Identification of ways to improve A 10-year-old child has collapsed in the gym of the elementary school. The school nurse arrives and determines that the child is unresponsive. The school nurse then simultaneously checks for breathing and a central pulse, limiting this assessment to which time frame? - No more than 10 seconds A healthcare provider notices petechiae on the arms and legs while performing a rapid skin assessment of a child with a high fever and respiratory distress. Based on this assessment, which condition should the provider consider? - Life-threatening systemic infection A provider is forming an initial impression of a child using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT). For which part of the PAT may the provider use the mnemonic TICLS to assess the patient? - Appearance A healthcare provider is performing a primary assessment of a child in respiratory distress. The provider documents increased work of breathing when which findings are observed? - -Accessory muscle use -Intercostal, substernal or suprasternal retractions -Nasal flaring While performing a rapid assessment and formulating an initial impression using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT), the provider assesses the child's circulation. Which information would be important to consider? - -Skin pallor (or gray/dusky color) -Flushing of the skin -Evidence of bleeding A 9-year-old patient is presenting with diminished breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition? - Respiratory failure A child in the pediatric step-down unit is exhibiting signs of respiratory distress. When assessing this child, which circulation finding might be present? - Pallor Assessment of a 3-month-old infant admitted with respiratory distress reveals fever, grunting and a wet, "junky" cough. The infant's parents said the child had a recent respiratory infection with a fever. A rapid respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test is positive. Which condition would the provider most likely suspect as the cause? - Bronchiolitis A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 2 to 3 seconds. An 11-year-old soccer player is brought to the emergency department. After a quick assessment, the team realizes this patient is experiencing a severe asthma exacerbation. Which medication would the team administer immediately? - Albuterol with or without ipratropium bromide