evolution making sense of life 2ndedition by carl zimmer test bank

, TestbBank,bChapterb1

1b.bWhichbofbthebfollowingbisbNOTbanbexamplebofbevolution?

(a) Beakbsizebinbabpopulationbofbbirdsbbecomesblargerbfrombonebgenerationbtobth
ebnextbbecauseblargerbbeakedbbirdsbhadbhigherbreproductivebsuccessbandbp
assedbthebtraitbtobtheirboffspring
(b) Overblongbperiodsbofbtimebwhalesbgraduallyblostbtheirbhindlimbs
(c)bWhenbtravelingbtobhighbaltitude,bhumanbphysiologybchangesbtob
accommodateblowerboxygenblevelsb(d)bAllbofbthebabovebarebexamplesb
ofbevolution

2b.bThebflukebofbabwhalebandbthebflukebofbabsharkb:

(a) arebhomologousbtraits
(b) arosebthroughbconvergentbevolution
(c) arebthebresultbofbnaturalbselectionb
(d)bbbandbcbarebcorrect
(e)ballbarebcorrect

3b.bMammarybglandsbinbwhalesbandbhumansb:

(a) arebabsynapomorphybforbthesebspeciesbandbotherbmammals
(b) arebhomologousbtraits
(c) wereblikelybpresentbinbthebmostbrecentbcommonbancestorbofbhumansbandbwhales
(d)ballbarebcorrect
(e)bnonebarebcorrect

4b.bBasedbonbcurrentbfossilbevidenceb:

(a) whalesbwereblikelybfullybaquaticbbeforebtheybevolvedbpeg-likebteethborbbaleen
(b) evolutionbofbbaleenbforcedbwhalesbtobbecomebfullybaquatic
(c) thebteethbofbextinctbwhalesbsuchbasbDorudonbwerebsimilarbtobthosebofbextinctbl
andbmammals
(d)babandbcbarebcorrect
(e)bbbandbcbarebcorrect

5.bOnebimportantbfeaturebthatblinksbextinctborganismsbsuchbasbPakicetusbandbIndohyusb
tobcetaceansbis:

(a)bthebshapebofbabbonebinbthebmiddlebear
(b) thebpresencebofbforelimbbflippers
(c) theblackbofbhindlegs
(d) peg-likebteeth
6b.bThebplacementbofbwhalesbwithinbthebartiodactylsbisbsupportedbbyb:

, (a) morphologybofblimbbbonesb(e.g.bthebastragalus)binbextinctbwhales
(b) DNAbevidence
(c) thebfactbthatbsomebartiodactylsb(e.g.bhippos)bspendbabsignificantbamountbofbtimebi
nbthebwater
(d)babandbbbarebcorrect
(e)ballbofbthebabove

7.bFrombexaminingbthebfossilbrecord,bscientistsbhavebpostulatedbthatblong-
termbhistoricbchangesbinbcetaceanbdiversitybdependedbon:

(a)bchangesbinbthebabundancebofbdiatoms,bonebofbtheirbmainbfoodbsources
(b)bchangesbinbthebabundancebofbdiatoms,bwhichbservebasbfoodbforbanimals
bthatbwerebpreyedbuponbbybcetaceans

(c) changesbinbseabtemperature
(d) risingbpollutionblevelsbinbthebocean
(e) changesbinbthebabundancebofborganismsbthatbpreybonbcetaceans

8.bWhichbofbthebfollowingbwouldbexplainbwhybvirusesbsuchbasbinfluenzabevolvebsobrapidl
y:

(a) theybhavebabhighbmutationbrate
(b) theybhavebabhighbreplicationbrate
(c) theybcanbundergobviralbreassortment
(d) nonebofbthebabove
(e)ballbofbthebabove

9.bWhichbofbthebfollowingbstatementsbisbaccuratebregardingbthebevolutionbofbdrugbresist
ancebinbabvirus:

(a)bthebdrugbcausesbmutationsbinbthebvirusbthatbmakebitbresistant
(b)bevenbbeforebthebdrugbisbadministered,bsomebvirionsbmightbbebresistant
(c) anbindividualbvirionbthatbisbexposedbtobthebdrugbwillbadaptbbybbecomingbresista
nt;bfuturebapplicationsbofbthebdrugbwillbbebineffectivebagainstbthisbvirion
(d) allbofbthebabove

10.bThebmolecularbclockbusedbtobdatebthebemergencebofbtheb2009bH1N1bstrainbwouldb
bebinaccuratebif:

(a)bmutationsbarosebatbdifferentbratesbinbdifferentblineages
(b) thebmostbrecentbcommonbancestorbofbthebviralbstrainsbexistedblongbago
(c) thebmostbrecentbcommonbancestorbofbthebviralbstrainsbexistedbrecentlyb(d)b
nonebofbthebabove
11b.bbNewbmutationsb:

(a) arebrandombwithbrespectbtobtheirbeffectsbonbfitness
(b) arebnecessarybforbnaturalbselectionbtobcausebevolutionarybchange

, (c) arebrarebinbabpopulation
(d)babandbbbarebcorrect
(e)ballbarebcorrectb

12b.bbEvolutionboccursbwhenb:

(a)bindividualsbinbabpopulationbchangebinbresponsebtobthebenvironment
(b)bthebaveragebvaluebofbtraitbinbabpopulationbchangesbfrombonebgeneration
btobthebnext

(c)babandbbbarebbothbcorrectb(d)
bNeitherbaborbbbisbcorrect




Shortbanswer/essay.

1.bPleasebdescribebevidencebthreebpiecesbofbevidencebfoundbinbextantbcetaceansbthatbs
upportsbthebideabthatbtheirbancestorsbhadbhindlimbs.

1.bDuringbembryonicbdevelopmentbhindlimbbbudsbform,bbutbarebthenbstopb
growing.
2.bSomebextantbwhalesbhavebabvestigialbpelvis,bwhichbonlybmakesbsensebifbt
heirbancestorsbhadbhindlimbs.
3.bDNAbevidencebshowsbthatbcetaceansbarebnestedbwithinbthebartiodactyls.bb
Thebcommonbancestorbofbartiodactylsbwouldbhavebhadbhindlimbs.

2.bDescribebhowbscientistsbusedbcarbonbisotopesbtobdeterminebwhetherbextinctbwhalesb
likelybinhabitedbfreshwaterborbsaltwater.

Althoughbmostboxygenbatomsbhavebeightbneutrons,bsomeboxygenbisotopesbha
vebmoreb(e.g.b10).bbSeawaterbhasbmoreboxygenbatomsbwithb10bneutronsb(heavy
)bthanbfreshwater,bandbanimalsbthatblivebinbthebseabincorporatebmorebheavybox
ygenbintobtheirbbonesbthanbanimalsbthatblivebonbland.bbThus,bbybmeasuringbtheb
ratiobofblightbtobheavyboxygenbinbthebbonesbofbfossilbwhales,bandbcomparingbth
isbtobratiosbfoundbinbextantborganismsbinhabitingbfreshwaterborbseawaterbenvir
onments,bscientistsbwerebablebtobdeterminebwhetherbextinctbwhalesblikelyblive
dbinbthebseaborbthebland.bb
3.bDescribebtwobexamplesbfrombextantbcetaceanbanatomyborbdevelopmentbthatbreflectbt
heirbancestralbpast.