DEFINITIONS OF COUNSELING
Counseling is an interactive process conjoining the counselee who needs assistance and the
counsellor who is trained and educated to give this assistance. (Perez, 1965)
Counselling as a process in which the counsellor assists the counselee to make interpretations
of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustments which he needs to make. (Smith, 1955)
Counseling is that interactions which (1) occurs between two individuals called counsellor
and client, (2)takes place in a professional setting and (3) is initiated and maintained to
facilitate changes in the behaviour of a client. (Pepinsky and Pepinsky)
SCOPE OF COUNSELING
1. Helping for: “developmental problems” to make a person more self- actualizing in a
continuous (lifespan) growth process.
2. Contemporary perceptual approach- “The here and how” problems in terms of clients’
unique outlook with regard to his life or his cognitive and phenomenological approach
“Cognitive or thought modification”.
3. The Behavioural focus for identifying and correcting behaviour problems or Behaviour
modification with understanding of basic behavioural concepts as conditioning,
reinforcement, de-conditioning, desensitization and transfer of learning.
4. All problems related to child counselling marriage counselling, interpersonal relation
adjustment problems, age-related problems family counselling, group counselling, person-
centered counselling, and crisis intervention counselling.
5. Scope of counselling is also all pervading in various fields of life- eg., education career
related counselling in offices and industries, etc.
6. Life- challenges counselling- These are as sexual harassment; alcoholism and substance
abuse; counselling the disabled and their families, counselling suicide- prone persons;
counselling the terminally ill persons.
GOALS OF COUNSELLING
• Insight. The acquisition of an understanding of the origins and development of emotional
difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to take rational control over feelings and actions
(Freud: ‘where id was, shall ego be’).
• Relating with others. Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and satisfying
relationships with other people: for example, within the family or workplace.
• Self-awareness. Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been blocked off or
denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how self is perceived by others.
Counseling is an interactive process conjoining the counselee who needs assistance and the
counsellor who is trained and educated to give this assistance. (Perez, 1965)
Counselling as a process in which the counsellor assists the counselee to make interpretations
of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustments which he needs to make. (Smith, 1955)
Counseling is that interactions which (1) occurs between two individuals called counsellor
and client, (2)takes place in a professional setting and (3) is initiated and maintained to
facilitate changes in the behaviour of a client. (Pepinsky and Pepinsky)
SCOPE OF COUNSELING
1. Helping for: “developmental problems” to make a person more self- actualizing in a
continuous (lifespan) growth process.
2. Contemporary perceptual approach- “The here and how” problems in terms of clients’
unique outlook with regard to his life or his cognitive and phenomenological approach
“Cognitive or thought modification”.
3. The Behavioural focus for identifying and correcting behaviour problems or Behaviour
modification with understanding of basic behavioural concepts as conditioning,
reinforcement, de-conditioning, desensitization and transfer of learning.
4. All problems related to child counselling marriage counselling, interpersonal relation
adjustment problems, age-related problems family counselling, group counselling, person-
centered counselling, and crisis intervention counselling.
5. Scope of counselling is also all pervading in various fields of life- eg., education career
related counselling in offices and industries, etc.
6. Life- challenges counselling- These are as sexual harassment; alcoholism and substance
abuse; counselling the disabled and their families, counselling suicide- prone persons;
counselling the terminally ill persons.
GOALS OF COUNSELLING
• Insight. The acquisition of an understanding of the origins and development of emotional
difficulties, leading to an increased capacity to take rational control over feelings and actions
(Freud: ‘where id was, shall ego be’).
• Relating with others. Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and satisfying
relationships with other people: for example, within the family or workplace.
• Self-awareness. Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been blocked off or
denied, or developing a more accurate sense of how self is perceived by others.
