Sam Piedad
Mr. Pirkle
AP Euro
11/12/22
A. Unit 4
LESSON 2
Enlightenment's economic & political context
- Imperial expansion & competition
- Frequent wars (1700-83, 6 wars b/n major powers)
- Economic growth
- Rise of middle “conversant” class
- Absolutism ↓ w/ time
Intellectual context
- Renaissance’s humanism + Reformation’s religious diversity + Scientific revolution &
Empiricism + Age of Exploration’s new possibilities = Enlightenment
Wars of Religion & Political Theory - Jean Bodin (1529-96)
- State’s types - Monarchy, democracy, & aristocracy
- Gov. forms - Legitimate, tyrannical, & despotic
- Sovereign power’s limits - Moral laws, natural laws b/n people, & contracts
- Influences…
Modern Political Theory (MPT) - Hugo Grotus (1588-1679)
- Context - Dutch Revolt, 30 Years’ War
- Human nature is self-preserving, social, rational → Natural Law
- Commoditization of Rights - People posses certain rights that can be taken away
- Gov.’s authority comes from giving up personal rights, aka…
- Social Contract Theory - Giving up rights for security
- Influences…
Fig. 1 Hobbes & Locke
Hobbes Locke
Background Well-educated Well-educated
Lived through the English Civil War Lived through the Restoration &
→ Pessimistic on human nature Glorious Revolution → Optimistic on
Wrote Leviathan (1651) human nature
Wrote Two Treatises on Gov.
(1679-81)
Why do we Organization & security Protect property & preserve liberty
need a gov.? Favors monarchy Favors legislative assembly
Legacy Understanding relationship b/n Constitutional limited gov. theory
human nature & gov. “Consent of the governed”
Influences modern thought of Ex. Declaration of Independence
international relations
Enlightenment Political Thought (EPT) - Montesquieu (1689-1755)
- Wrote Spirit of the Laws (1748)
Mr. Pirkle
AP Euro
11/12/22
A. Unit 4
LESSON 2
Enlightenment's economic & political context
- Imperial expansion & competition
- Frequent wars (1700-83, 6 wars b/n major powers)
- Economic growth
- Rise of middle “conversant” class
- Absolutism ↓ w/ time
Intellectual context
- Renaissance’s humanism + Reformation’s religious diversity + Scientific revolution &
Empiricism + Age of Exploration’s new possibilities = Enlightenment
Wars of Religion & Political Theory - Jean Bodin (1529-96)
- State’s types - Monarchy, democracy, & aristocracy
- Gov. forms - Legitimate, tyrannical, & despotic
- Sovereign power’s limits - Moral laws, natural laws b/n people, & contracts
- Influences…
Modern Political Theory (MPT) - Hugo Grotus (1588-1679)
- Context - Dutch Revolt, 30 Years’ War
- Human nature is self-preserving, social, rational → Natural Law
- Commoditization of Rights - People posses certain rights that can be taken away
- Gov.’s authority comes from giving up personal rights, aka…
- Social Contract Theory - Giving up rights for security
- Influences…
Fig. 1 Hobbes & Locke
Hobbes Locke
Background Well-educated Well-educated
Lived through the English Civil War Lived through the Restoration &
→ Pessimistic on human nature Glorious Revolution → Optimistic on
Wrote Leviathan (1651) human nature
Wrote Two Treatises on Gov.
(1679-81)
Why do we Organization & security Protect property & preserve liberty
need a gov.? Favors monarchy Favors legislative assembly
Legacy Understanding relationship b/n Constitutional limited gov. theory
human nature & gov. “Consent of the governed”
Influences modern thought of Ex. Declaration of Independence
international relations
Enlightenment Political Thought (EPT) - Montesquieu (1689-1755)
- Wrote Spirit of the Laws (1748)
