ABFM + KSA DIABETES REAL EXAM
2025-2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS
|| 100% GUARANTEED PASS!!
<RECENT VERSION>
1.A 64-year-old female with a 6-year history of type 2 diabetes presents with a 2-
day history of malaise, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. She has a temperature of
37.8°C (100.0°F), a blood pressure of 96/70 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 108 beats/min,
and a respiratory rate of 20/min. The examination is otherwise unremarkable
except for a BMI of 29 kg/m2 and dry mucous membranes.
Laboratory Findings
Serum sodium............135 mEq/L (N 135-145)
Serum potassium............3.9 mEq/L (N 3.5-5.0)
Serum chloride............103 mEq/L (N 100-108)
CO2............15 mEq/L (N 24-30)
Serum glucose............224 mg/dL
Serum creatinine............0.67 mg/dL (N 0.6-1.5)
BUN............20 mg/dL (N 8-25)
Serum ketones............small amount present
Arterial pH............7.12 (N 7.35-7.45)
Hemoglobin A1c............7.4%
Which antidiabetic agents is most likely to be associated with this presentation? -
ANSWER ✔Canagliflozin (Invokana)
2. A 62-year-old female has a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes and a 2-year history
of poorly controlled hypertension. Her current medications are olmesartan
medoxomil (Benicar), 40 mg daily; amlodipine (Norvasc), 10 mg daily;
chlorthalidone, 25 mg daily; extended-release metformin (Glucophage XR), 850
mg twice daily; and liraglutide (Victoza), 1.2 mg subcutaneously daily. A physical
examination is notable for a blood pressure of 150/94 mm Hg.
,Laboratory Findings
Serum sodium............140 mEq/L (N 135-145)
Serum potassium............3.9 mEq/L (N 3.5-5.0)
Serum chloride............108 mEq/L (N 100-108)
CO2............26 mEq/L (N 24-30)
Serum creatinine............1.4 mg/dL (N 0.6-1.5)
BUN............29 mg/dL (N 8-25)
Hemoglobin A1c............6.7%
The American Diabetes Association recommends which to improve control of this
patient's blood pressure? - ANSWER ✔Spironolactone (Aldactone)
3. Endocrinopathies associated with diabetes mellitus include which of the
following? (Mark all that are true.) - ANSWER ✔
Cushing's syndrome
Acromegaly
Pheochromocytoma
Gastrinoma
4. Glucagonoma - ANSWER ✔ Acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, glucagonoma,
and pheochromocytoma.
Hyperthyroidism
5. Which of the following can cause a high anion gap metabolic acidosis? (Mark
all that are true.) ANSWER ✔
Severe diarrhea
Ethylene glycol toxicity
Salicylate toxicity
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
6. Renal tubular acidosis - ANSWER ✔ diabetic ketoacidosis,
alcoholic ketoacidosis,
lactic acidosis,
renal failure (acute and chronic), starvation,
salicylate toxicity,
ethylene glycol toxicity,
methanol poisoning,
,7. metabolic syndrome DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA - ANSWER ✔ ) obesity, with a
waist circumference exceeding 102 cm (40 inches) in men or 88 cm (35 inches) in
women;
(2) blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg systolic and/or 85 mm Hg diastolic;
(3) a fasting glucose level ≥110 mg/dL;
(4) a serum triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL; and
(5) an HDL-cholesterol level <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women.
8. PT HAS:hepatomegaly and mild testicular atrophy. - ANSWER ✔
AST (SGOT)............260
ALT (SGPT)............210 U/L (N 10-55)
9.TOW - ANSWER ✔ Hemochromatosis
Classic clinical features include
=
bronze skin pigmentation,
+
diabetes mellitus,
+ hepatomegaly with hepatic dysfunction,
+
cardiac failure, and
+
evidence of hypogonadism.
10. How to diagnose DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY - ANSWER ✔ A minimum of
two
=
tests showing a urine albumin level >30 µg/mg creatinine or more
=
over a 6-month period confirms the diagnosis of microalbuminuria.
The most common cause of
=
sudden monocular loss of vision
, =
in a patient with diabetic retinopathy is - ANSWER ✔ vitreous hemorrhage
11. Which of the following lipid-lowering agents can worsen glycemic
control=CAUSE HYPERGLYCEMIA? (Mark all that are true.) - ANSWER ✔
Colestipol (Colestid)
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Niacin
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) - ANSWER ✔ Niacin
=
Hyperglycemia is a side effect of niacin therapy, particularly at high doses.
=
no clinical benefit from the addition of niacin to statin therapy
12. GOAL BP FOR DM PT PER
CARDIAC= ACC/AHA GUIDLINE - ANSWER ✔ <130/80
a treatment goal of <130/80 mm Hg in patients with diabetes.
==
JNC 8== <140/90
13. GOAL BP FOR DM PT PER
CARDIAC= ADA GUIDLINE - ANSWER ✔ SAME AS JNC 8
=
<140/90
=======
in patients with chronic kidney disease,
=
regardless of race or diabetes status,
=
both JNC 8 and the ADA recommend initial therapy with an ACE inhibitor or
ARB.
OTHER THAN TZDS
14.Which of the DM oral agents should be used with caution in patients with
2025-2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS
|| 100% GUARANTEED PASS!!
<RECENT VERSION>
1.A 64-year-old female with a 6-year history of type 2 diabetes presents with a 2-
day history of malaise, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. She has a temperature of
37.8°C (100.0°F), a blood pressure of 96/70 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 108 beats/min,
and a respiratory rate of 20/min. The examination is otherwise unremarkable
except for a BMI of 29 kg/m2 and dry mucous membranes.
Laboratory Findings
Serum sodium............135 mEq/L (N 135-145)
Serum potassium............3.9 mEq/L (N 3.5-5.0)
Serum chloride............103 mEq/L (N 100-108)
CO2............15 mEq/L (N 24-30)
Serum glucose............224 mg/dL
Serum creatinine............0.67 mg/dL (N 0.6-1.5)
BUN............20 mg/dL (N 8-25)
Serum ketones............small amount present
Arterial pH............7.12 (N 7.35-7.45)
Hemoglobin A1c............7.4%
Which antidiabetic agents is most likely to be associated with this presentation? -
ANSWER ✔Canagliflozin (Invokana)
2. A 62-year-old female has a 5-year history of type 2 diabetes and a 2-year history
of poorly controlled hypertension. Her current medications are olmesartan
medoxomil (Benicar), 40 mg daily; amlodipine (Norvasc), 10 mg daily;
chlorthalidone, 25 mg daily; extended-release metformin (Glucophage XR), 850
mg twice daily; and liraglutide (Victoza), 1.2 mg subcutaneously daily. A physical
examination is notable for a blood pressure of 150/94 mm Hg.
,Laboratory Findings
Serum sodium............140 mEq/L (N 135-145)
Serum potassium............3.9 mEq/L (N 3.5-5.0)
Serum chloride............108 mEq/L (N 100-108)
CO2............26 mEq/L (N 24-30)
Serum creatinine............1.4 mg/dL (N 0.6-1.5)
BUN............29 mg/dL (N 8-25)
Hemoglobin A1c............6.7%
The American Diabetes Association recommends which to improve control of this
patient's blood pressure? - ANSWER ✔Spironolactone (Aldactone)
3. Endocrinopathies associated with diabetes mellitus include which of the
following? (Mark all that are true.) - ANSWER ✔
Cushing's syndrome
Acromegaly
Pheochromocytoma
Gastrinoma
4. Glucagonoma - ANSWER ✔ Acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, glucagonoma,
and pheochromocytoma.
Hyperthyroidism
5. Which of the following can cause a high anion gap metabolic acidosis? (Mark
all that are true.) ANSWER ✔
Severe diarrhea
Ethylene glycol toxicity
Salicylate toxicity
Alcoholic ketoacidosis
6. Renal tubular acidosis - ANSWER ✔ diabetic ketoacidosis,
alcoholic ketoacidosis,
lactic acidosis,
renal failure (acute and chronic), starvation,
salicylate toxicity,
ethylene glycol toxicity,
methanol poisoning,
,7. metabolic syndrome DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA - ANSWER ✔ ) obesity, with a
waist circumference exceeding 102 cm (40 inches) in men or 88 cm (35 inches) in
women;
(2) blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg systolic and/or 85 mm Hg diastolic;
(3) a fasting glucose level ≥110 mg/dL;
(4) a serum triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL; and
(5) an HDL-cholesterol level <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women.
8. PT HAS:hepatomegaly and mild testicular atrophy. - ANSWER ✔
AST (SGOT)............260
ALT (SGPT)............210 U/L (N 10-55)
9.TOW - ANSWER ✔ Hemochromatosis
Classic clinical features include
=
bronze skin pigmentation,
+
diabetes mellitus,
+ hepatomegaly with hepatic dysfunction,
+
cardiac failure, and
+
evidence of hypogonadism.
10. How to diagnose DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY - ANSWER ✔ A minimum of
two
=
tests showing a urine albumin level >30 µg/mg creatinine or more
=
over a 6-month period confirms the diagnosis of microalbuminuria.
The most common cause of
=
sudden monocular loss of vision
, =
in a patient with diabetic retinopathy is - ANSWER ✔ vitreous hemorrhage
11. Which of the following lipid-lowering agents can worsen glycemic
control=CAUSE HYPERGLYCEMIA? (Mark all that are true.) - ANSWER ✔
Colestipol (Colestid)
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Niacin
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) - ANSWER ✔ Niacin
=
Hyperglycemia is a side effect of niacin therapy, particularly at high doses.
=
no clinical benefit from the addition of niacin to statin therapy
12. GOAL BP FOR DM PT PER
CARDIAC= ACC/AHA GUIDLINE - ANSWER ✔ <130/80
a treatment goal of <130/80 mm Hg in patients with diabetes.
==
JNC 8== <140/90
13. GOAL BP FOR DM PT PER
CARDIAC= ADA GUIDLINE - ANSWER ✔ SAME AS JNC 8
=
<140/90
=======
in patients with chronic kidney disease,
=
regardless of race or diabetes status,
=
both JNC 8 and the ADA recommend initial therapy with an ACE inhibitor or
ARB.
OTHER THAN TZDS
14.Which of the DM oral agents should be used with caution in patients with
