Bio 253 Hondros Test 1 Review Part 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5gw04n
1. Anatomy: Study of structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
Types of anatomy: gross anatomy, microscopic, developmental, pathological, sys-
temic
2. Physiology: science that deals with the functions of the living organism and its
parts. How the body works
3. Characteristics of life: Responsiveness, conductivity, Growth, Respiration, Di-
gestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction
4. Responsiveness: Ability of an organism to sense, monitor and respond to
changes in both its internal and external environments
5. Conductivity: Capacity of living cells to transmit a wave of electrical disturbance
from one point to another within the body
6. Growth: Organized increase in the size and number of cells and therefore an
increase in size of the individual or a particular organ or part
7. Respiration: Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) be-
tween an organism and its environment
8. Digestion: process by which complex food products are broken down into simpler
substances that can be absorbed and used by individual body cells
9. Absorption: movement of molecules, such as respiratory gases or digested
nutrients, through a membrane and into the body fluids for transport to cells for use
10. Secretion: production and release of important substances, such as digestive
juices and hormones, for diverse body functions
11. Excretion: removal of waste products from the body
12. Circulation: movement of body fluids containing many substances from one
body area to another in a continuous, circular route through hollow vessels
13. Reproduction: formation of new individual offspring
14. autopoiesis: living organisms are self-organizing or self-maintaining and non-
living structures are not.
15. cell theory: any independent structure made up of one or more microscopic
units called cells is a living organism
16. metabolism: each characteristic of life is related to the sum total of all the
physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body
17. levels of organization: atom--molecule--macromolecules--organelle--cell--tis-
sue--organ--organ system--organism
18. atom: tiny spheres of matter, every material thing in the universe, including the
human body is composed of atoms. Combinations of atoms form larger chemical
groupings
19. molecules: combos of atoms that form larger chemical groupings
20. macromolecules: molecules in combination with other atoms form these larger
and more complex chemicals
1/9
, Bio 253 Hondros Test 1 Review Part 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5gw04n
21. cytoplasm: atoms, molecules and macromolecules in living material form this
gel like material made of fluids, particles and membranes--the essential material of
human life
22. organelles: a structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it can
perform a specific function. Tiny organs that all each cell to live. Cannot survive
outside the cell, but without organelles the cell could not survive.
23. Types of organelles: Mitochondria-power house of cells that provide energy
needed by the cell to carry out day-to-day functioning, growth and repair.
Golgi apparatus-set of sacs that provide "packaging" service to cells by storing
material for future internal use or for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum--network of channels within the cell that act as "highways"
for the movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing
24. cellular level: cells are the smallest and most numerous structural units that
possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. Each cell is surrounded
by a membrane and a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes the
numerous organelles required for the normal processes of living
25. tissue level: a group of a great many similar cells that all developed together
from the same part of the embryo and all perform a certain function. Tissue cells are
surrounded by varying amounts and kinds of nonliving intercellular substances, or
the matrix
26. Four major principal tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
27. organ level: organ is a structure made up of several different kinds of tissues
arranged so that, together, they can perform a specific function.
28. system level: systems are the most complex of the organizational units of the
body.
29. Eleven majors systems of the body: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, ner-
vous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproduc-
tive
30. Integumentary system: skin--protection, temperature regulation, sensation
31. Skeletal system: Bones, ligaments--support, protection, movement, mineral
and fat storage, blood production
32. Muscular system: skeletal muscles, tendons--movement, posture, heat pro-
duction
33. Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs--control, regula-
tion, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory
34. Endocrine system: pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids,
and other glands--control and regulation of other systems
35. Cardiovascular system: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries--exchange and trans-
port of materials
2/9
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5gw04n
1. Anatomy: Study of structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
Types of anatomy: gross anatomy, microscopic, developmental, pathological, sys-
temic
2. Physiology: science that deals with the functions of the living organism and its
parts. How the body works
3. Characteristics of life: Responsiveness, conductivity, Growth, Respiration, Di-
gestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction
4. Responsiveness: Ability of an organism to sense, monitor and respond to
changes in both its internal and external environments
5. Conductivity: Capacity of living cells to transmit a wave of electrical disturbance
from one point to another within the body
6. Growth: Organized increase in the size and number of cells and therefore an
increase in size of the individual or a particular organ or part
7. Respiration: Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) be-
tween an organism and its environment
8. Digestion: process by which complex food products are broken down into simpler
substances that can be absorbed and used by individual body cells
9. Absorption: movement of molecules, such as respiratory gases or digested
nutrients, through a membrane and into the body fluids for transport to cells for use
10. Secretion: production and release of important substances, such as digestive
juices and hormones, for diverse body functions
11. Excretion: removal of waste products from the body
12. Circulation: movement of body fluids containing many substances from one
body area to another in a continuous, circular route through hollow vessels
13. Reproduction: formation of new individual offspring
14. autopoiesis: living organisms are self-organizing or self-maintaining and non-
living structures are not.
15. cell theory: any independent structure made up of one or more microscopic
units called cells is a living organism
16. metabolism: each characteristic of life is related to the sum total of all the
physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body
17. levels of organization: atom--molecule--macromolecules--organelle--cell--tis-
sue--organ--organ system--organism
18. atom: tiny spheres of matter, every material thing in the universe, including the
human body is composed of atoms. Combinations of atoms form larger chemical
groupings
19. molecules: combos of atoms that form larger chemical groupings
20. macromolecules: molecules in combination with other atoms form these larger
and more complex chemicals
1/9
, Bio 253 Hondros Test 1 Review Part 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_5gw04n
21. cytoplasm: atoms, molecules and macromolecules in living material form this
gel like material made of fluids, particles and membranes--the essential material of
human life
22. organelles: a structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it can
perform a specific function. Tiny organs that all each cell to live. Cannot survive
outside the cell, but without organelles the cell could not survive.
23. Types of organelles: Mitochondria-power house of cells that provide energy
needed by the cell to carry out day-to-day functioning, growth and repair.
Golgi apparatus-set of sacs that provide "packaging" service to cells by storing
material for future internal use or for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum--network of channels within the cell that act as "highways"
for the movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing
24. cellular level: cells are the smallest and most numerous structural units that
possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. Each cell is surrounded
by a membrane and a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes the
numerous organelles required for the normal processes of living
25. tissue level: a group of a great many similar cells that all developed together
from the same part of the embryo and all perform a certain function. Tissue cells are
surrounded by varying amounts and kinds of nonliving intercellular substances, or
the matrix
26. Four major principal tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
27. organ level: organ is a structure made up of several different kinds of tissues
arranged so that, together, they can perform a specific function.
28. system level: systems are the most complex of the organizational units of the
body.
29. Eleven majors systems of the body: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, ner-
vous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproduc-
tive
30. Integumentary system: skin--protection, temperature regulation, sensation
31. Skeletal system: Bones, ligaments--support, protection, movement, mineral
and fat storage, blood production
32. Muscular system: skeletal muscles, tendons--movement, posture, heat pro-
duction
33. Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs--control, regula-
tion, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory
34. Endocrine system: pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids,
and other glands--control and regulation of other systems
35. Cardiovascular system: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries--exchange and trans-
port of materials
2/9
