GCSE
CITIZENSHIP STUDIES f
8100/2 - Paper 2
f f f
Mark scheme
f
8100
Junef2018
Version/Stage:f1.0fFinal
, MARKfSCHEMEf–fGCSEfCITIZENSHIPfSTUDIESf–f8100/2f–fJUNEf2018
MarkfschemesfarefpreparedfbyfthefLeadfAssessmentfWriterfandfconsidered,ftogetherfwithfthefrelevantfques
tions,fbyfafpanelfoffsubjectfteachers.fThisfmarkfschemefincludesfanyfamendmentsfmadefatfthefstandardisati
onfeventsfwhichfallfassociatesfparticipatefinfandfisfthefschemefwhichfwasfusedfbyfthemfinfthisfexamination.fT
hefstandardisationfprocessfensuresfthatfthefmarkfschemefcoversfthefstudents’fresponsesftofquestionsfandft
hatfeveryfassociatefunderstandsfandfappliesfitfinfthefsamefcorrectfway.
Asfpreparationfforfstandardisationfeachfassociatefanalysesfafnumberfoffstudents’fscripts.fAlternativefanswe
rsfnotfalreadyfcoveredfbyfthefmarkfschemefarefdiscussedfandflegislatedffor.fIf,fafterfthefstandardisationfproc
ess,fassociatesfencounterfunusualfanswersfwhichfhavefnotfbeenfraisedftheyfarefrequiredftofreferftheseftofth
efLeadfAssessmentfWriter.
Itfmustfbefstressedfthatfafmarkfschemefisfafworkingfdocument,finfmanyfcasesffurtherfdevelopedfandfexpan
dedfonfthefbasisfoffstudents’freactionsftofafparticularfpaper.fAssumptionsfaboutffuturefmarkfschemesfonfth
efbasisfoffonefyear’sfdocumentfshouldfbefavoided;fwhilstfthefguidingfprinciplesfoffassessmentfremainfconst
ant,fdetailsfwillfchange,fdependingfonfthefcontentfoffafparticularfexaminationfpaper.
Furtherfcopiesfoffthisfmarkfschemefarefavailableffromfaqa.org.uk
Copyrightf©f2018fAQAfandfitsflicensors.f Allfrightsfreserved.
AQAfretainsfthefcopyrightfonfallfitsfpublications.fHowever,fregisteredfschools/collegesfforfAQAfarefpermittedftofcopyfmaterialffromfthisfbookletfforfthe
irfownfinternalfuse,fwithftheffollowingfimportantfexception:fAQAfcannotfgivefpermissionftofschools/collegesftofphotocopyfanyfmaterialfthat
isfacknowledgedftofafthirdfpartyfevenfforfinternalfusefwithinfthefcentre.
, MARKfSCHEMEf–fGCSEfCITIZENSHIPfSTUDIESf–f8100/2f–fJUNEf2018
Level of response marking instructions
f f f f
Levelfoffresponsefmarkfschemesfarefbrokenfdownfintoflevels,feachfoffwhichfhasfafdescriptor.fThefdescriptorf
forftheflevelfshowsfthefaveragefperformancefforftheflevel.fTherefarefmarksfinfeachflevel.
Beforefyoufapplyfthefmarkfschemeftofafstudent’sfanswerfreadfthroughfthefanswerfandfannotatefitf(asfinstru
cted)ftofshowfthefqualitiesfthatfarefbeingflookedffor.fYoufcanfthenfapplyfthefmarkfscheme.
Step 1 Determine a level
f f f f
Startfatftheflowestflevelfoffthefmarkfschemefandfusefitfasfafladderftofseefwhetherfthefanswerfmeetsfthefdescrip
torfforfthatflevel.fThefdescriptorfforftheflevelfindicatesfthefdifferentfqualitiesfthatfmightfbefseenfinfthefstudent’sf
answerfforfthatflevel.fIffitfmeetsftheflowestflevelfthenfgoftofthefnextfonefandfdecidefiffitfmeetsfthisflevel,fandfsofo
n,funtilfyoufhavefafmatchfbetweenftheflevelfdescriptorfandfthefanswer.fWithfpracticefandffamiliarityfyoufwillffin
dfthatfforfbetterfanswersfyoufwillfbefableftofquicklyfskipfthroughftheflowerflevelsfoffthefmarkfscheme.
Whenfassigningfaflevelfyoufshouldflookfatfthefoverallfqualityfoffthefanswerfandfnotflookftofpickfholesfinfsmallfan
dfspecificfpartsfoffthefanswerfwherefthefstudentfhasfnotfperformedfquitefasfwellfasfthefrest.fIffthefanswerfcover
sfdifferentfaspectsfoffdifferentflevelsfoffthefmarkfschemefyoufshouldfusefafbestffitfapproachfforfdefiningftheflev
elfandfthenfusefthefvariabilityfoffthefresponseftofhelpfdecidefthefmarkfwithinftheflevel,fiefiffthefresponsefisfpredo
minantlyflevelf3fwithfafsmallfamountfofflevelf4fmaterialfitfwouldfbefplacedfinflevelf3fbutfbefawardedfafmarkfnearft
heftopfofftheflevelfbecausefofftheflevelf4fcontent.
Step 2 Determine a mark
f f f f
Oncefyoufhavefassignedfaflevelfyoufneedftofdecidefonfthefmark.fThefdescriptorsfonfhowftofallocatefmarksfcan
f helpf withf this.fThefexemplarfmaterialsf usedf duringfstandardisationf willf help.fTheref willf bef anf answerf infthefsta
ndardisingfmaterialsfwhichfwillfcorrespondfwithfeachflevelfoffthefmarkfscheme.fThisfanswerfwillfhavefbeenfaw
ardedfafmarkfbyfthefLeadfExaminer.fYoufcanfcomparefthefstudent’sfanswerfwithfthefexampleftofdeterminefiffitf
isfthefsamefstandard,fbetterforfworsefthanfthefexample.fYoufcanfthenfusefthisftofallocatefafmarkfforfthefanswerf
basedfonfthefLeadfExaminer’sfmarkfonfthefexample.
Youfmayfwellfneedftofreadfbackfthroughfthefanswerfasfyoufapplyfthefmarkfschemeftofclarifyfpointsfandfassur
efyourselffthatftheflevelfandfthefmarkfarefappropriate.
Indicativefcontentfinfthefmarkfschemefisfprovidedfasfafguidefforfexaminers.fItfisfnotfintendedftofbefexhau
stivefandfyoufmustfcreditfotherfvalidfpoints.fStudentsfdofnotfhaveftofcoverfallfoffthefpointsfmentionedfinft
hefIndicativefcontentftofreachfthefhighestflevelfoffthefmarkfscheme.
Anfanswerfwhichfcontainsfnothingfoffrelevanceftofthefquestionfmustfbefawardedfnofmarks.
11
CITIZENSHIP STUDIES f
8100/2 - Paper 2
f f f
Mark scheme
f
8100
Junef2018
Version/Stage:f1.0fFinal
, MARKfSCHEMEf–fGCSEfCITIZENSHIPfSTUDIESf–f8100/2f–fJUNEf2018
MarkfschemesfarefpreparedfbyfthefLeadfAssessmentfWriterfandfconsidered,ftogetherfwithfthefrelevantfques
tions,fbyfafpanelfoffsubjectfteachers.fThisfmarkfschemefincludesfanyfamendmentsfmadefatfthefstandardisati
onfeventsfwhichfallfassociatesfparticipatefinfandfisfthefschemefwhichfwasfusedfbyfthemfinfthisfexamination.fT
hefstandardisationfprocessfensuresfthatfthefmarkfschemefcoversfthefstudents’fresponsesftofquestionsfandft
hatfeveryfassociatefunderstandsfandfappliesfitfinfthefsamefcorrectfway.
Asfpreparationfforfstandardisationfeachfassociatefanalysesfafnumberfoffstudents’fscripts.fAlternativefanswe
rsfnotfalreadyfcoveredfbyfthefmarkfschemefarefdiscussedfandflegislatedffor.fIf,fafterfthefstandardisationfproc
ess,fassociatesfencounterfunusualfanswersfwhichfhavefnotfbeenfraisedftheyfarefrequiredftofreferftheseftofth
efLeadfAssessmentfWriter.
Itfmustfbefstressedfthatfafmarkfschemefisfafworkingfdocument,finfmanyfcasesffurtherfdevelopedfandfexpan
dedfonfthefbasisfoffstudents’freactionsftofafparticularfpaper.fAssumptionsfaboutffuturefmarkfschemesfonfth
efbasisfoffonefyear’sfdocumentfshouldfbefavoided;fwhilstfthefguidingfprinciplesfoffassessmentfremainfconst
ant,fdetailsfwillfchange,fdependingfonfthefcontentfoffafparticularfexaminationfpaper.
Furtherfcopiesfoffthisfmarkfschemefarefavailableffromfaqa.org.uk
Copyrightf©f2018fAQAfandfitsflicensors.f Allfrightsfreserved.
AQAfretainsfthefcopyrightfonfallfitsfpublications.fHowever,fregisteredfschools/collegesfforfAQAfarefpermittedftofcopyfmaterialffromfthisfbookletfforfthe
irfownfinternalfuse,fwithftheffollowingfimportantfexception:fAQAfcannotfgivefpermissionftofschools/collegesftofphotocopyfanyfmaterialfthat
isfacknowledgedftofafthirdfpartyfevenfforfinternalfusefwithinfthefcentre.
, MARKfSCHEMEf–fGCSEfCITIZENSHIPfSTUDIESf–f8100/2f–fJUNEf2018
Level of response marking instructions
f f f f
Levelfoffresponsefmarkfschemesfarefbrokenfdownfintoflevels,feachfoffwhichfhasfafdescriptor.fThefdescriptorf
forftheflevelfshowsfthefaveragefperformancefforftheflevel.fTherefarefmarksfinfeachflevel.
Beforefyoufapplyfthefmarkfschemeftofafstudent’sfanswerfreadfthroughfthefanswerfandfannotatefitf(asfinstru
cted)ftofshowfthefqualitiesfthatfarefbeingflookedffor.fYoufcanfthenfapplyfthefmarkfscheme.
Step 1 Determine a level
f f f f
Startfatftheflowestflevelfoffthefmarkfschemefandfusefitfasfafladderftofseefwhetherfthefanswerfmeetsfthefdescrip
torfforfthatflevel.fThefdescriptorfforftheflevelfindicatesfthefdifferentfqualitiesfthatfmightfbefseenfinfthefstudent’sf
answerfforfthatflevel.fIffitfmeetsftheflowestflevelfthenfgoftofthefnextfonefandfdecidefiffitfmeetsfthisflevel,fandfsofo
n,funtilfyoufhavefafmatchfbetweenftheflevelfdescriptorfandfthefanswer.fWithfpracticefandffamiliarityfyoufwillffin
dfthatfforfbetterfanswersfyoufwillfbefableftofquicklyfskipfthroughftheflowerflevelsfoffthefmarkfscheme.
Whenfassigningfaflevelfyoufshouldflookfatfthefoverallfqualityfoffthefanswerfandfnotflookftofpickfholesfinfsmallfan
dfspecificfpartsfoffthefanswerfwherefthefstudentfhasfnotfperformedfquitefasfwellfasfthefrest.fIffthefanswerfcover
sfdifferentfaspectsfoffdifferentflevelsfoffthefmarkfschemefyoufshouldfusefafbestffitfapproachfforfdefiningftheflev
elfandfthenfusefthefvariabilityfoffthefresponseftofhelpfdecidefthefmarkfwithinftheflevel,fiefiffthefresponsefisfpredo
minantlyflevelf3fwithfafsmallfamountfofflevelf4fmaterialfitfwouldfbefplacedfinflevelf3fbutfbefawardedfafmarkfnearft
heftopfofftheflevelfbecausefofftheflevelf4fcontent.
Step 2 Determine a mark
f f f f
Oncefyoufhavefassignedfaflevelfyoufneedftofdecidefonfthefmark.fThefdescriptorsfonfhowftofallocatefmarksfcan
f helpf withf this.fThefexemplarfmaterialsf usedf duringfstandardisationf willf help.fTheref willf bef anf answerf infthefsta
ndardisingfmaterialsfwhichfwillfcorrespondfwithfeachflevelfoffthefmarkfscheme.fThisfanswerfwillfhavefbeenfaw
ardedfafmarkfbyfthefLeadfExaminer.fYoufcanfcomparefthefstudent’sfanswerfwithfthefexampleftofdeterminefiffitf
isfthefsamefstandard,fbetterforfworsefthanfthefexample.fYoufcanfthenfusefthisftofallocatefafmarkfforfthefanswerf
basedfonfthefLeadfExaminer’sfmarkfonfthefexample.
Youfmayfwellfneedftofreadfbackfthroughfthefanswerfasfyoufapplyfthefmarkfschemeftofclarifyfpointsfandfassur
efyourselffthatftheflevelfandfthefmarkfarefappropriate.
Indicativefcontentfinfthefmarkfschemefisfprovidedfasfafguidefforfexaminers.fItfisfnotfintendedftofbefexhau
stivefandfyoufmustfcreditfotherfvalidfpoints.fStudentsfdofnotfhaveftofcoverfallfoffthefpointsfmentionedfinft
hefIndicativefcontentftofreachfthefhighestflevelfoffthefmarkfscheme.
Anfanswerfwhichfcontainsfnothingfoffrelevanceftofthefquestionfmustfbefawardedfnofmarks.
11
