NR 607- FINAL EXAM Newest Actual Exam 2025//2026
Latest Edition With Detailed Question And Accurate
Answers A+ Graded Verified And Passed
What happens in the brain during a potentially traumatic event - CORRECT ANSWER -
brain stem is critical in fast, defensive responses. It's directly connected with the retina
• retina sends visual info to the brain stem immediately, before higher levels of brain are
even aware of threat.
-If predator moves closer, periaqueductal gray initiates a fight or flight response.
• periaqueductal gray activates the sympathetic nervous system
➣HR goes up, Blood flow to muscles increases, BP increases, Pupils dilate.
-Not always safe or possible to fight or escape.
• may enter the freeze response, or feigned death.
• periaqueductal gray activates the parasympathetic nervous system as well.
➣Muscles get tight & freeze, both gaze & breath may freeze, not cognitive choice
-"decisions" made at the level of the brain stem & nervous system
-Predator doesn't move away, the person may shutdown completely
• Hr. drops. RR drops. Some people stop breathing. Muscles become limp. Metabolism
shuts down. Endorphins released.
• person enters state of "no pain", no longer aware of their surroundings.
• During inescapable trauma, this is a very adaptive way for the brain and body to
respond.
Four Key Ways Collapse/Submit Can Present in a Client - CORRECT ANSWER 1.
Compliance / Obedience
2. Treatment-Resistant Depression
3. Interpersonal Conflict
4. Social Avoidance / Desire to Isolate
Brain-based approaches to trauma - CORRECT ANSWER -Top-down approaches
• Encourage different ways of thinking
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Dialectical-Behavior Therapy (DBT)
• Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
-Bottom-up approaches
• Ways to cope with emotions & defenses
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
• Yoga
• Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)
CDC has declared violence in the United States: - CORRECT ANSWER an urgent
public health concern affecting people in all stages of life
,Violence - CORRECT ANSWER -extreme form of aggression
• can lead to trauma & lifetime of psychological, physical, & economic burdens for
individuals, families, & communities
What Happens When People Experience Violence or Trauma - CORRECT ANSWER
polyvagal theory
-nervous system attempts to regulate a traumatic event by activating the social
engagement system using relational cues
• facial expressions, vocalizations, & language
-social engagement system can only be activated when in is within their window of
tolerance & views the threat as manageable given their skills and resources.
• when client perceives trauma or threat as unmanageable, they leave their window of
tolerance & nervous system moves into a state of defense
➣triggering a sympathetic or dorsal vagal response
➣sympathetic state can lead to fear, panic, and irritation, while the dorsal vagal
response can lead to a collapse/shutdown response
Nervous System's Response to Trauma - CORRECT ANSWER -polyvagal theory
• nervous system has three pathways, each designed to protect you:
➣ventral vagal
➣sympathetic pathway
➣dorsal vagal pathway
-ventral vagal
• nervous system's optimal state
• state from which we can engage socially, and connect and co-regulate with others
• we often feel more calm, curious, grounded, and safe
-sympathetic pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to mobilize into a fight or flight response, or an
attach/cry-for-help response
• we might feel fear, panic, irritation, anger, or even rage
-dorsal vagal pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to immobilize into a collapse/shutdown response
• we may feel numb, depressed, ashamed, hopeless, or lethargic
• We may dissociate
polyvagal theory: ventral vagal - CORRECT ANSWER -ventral vagal
• nervous system's optimal state
• state from which we can engage socially, and connect and co-regulate with others
• we often feel more calm, curious, grounded, and safe
polyvagal theory: sympathetic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER -sympathetic pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to mobilize into a fight or flight response, or an
attach/cry-for-help response
,• we might feel fear, panic, irritation, anger, or even rage
polyvagal theory: dorsal vagal pathway - CORRECT ANSWER -dorsal vagal pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to immobilize into a collapse/shutdown response
• we may feel numb, depressed, ashamed, hopeless, or lethargic
• We may dissociate
Risk Factors Related to Violence: Individual - CORRECT ANSWER -History of
victimization
-ADHD or learning disorders
-Substance use
-Low intelligence
-Emotional distress
-Exposure to family violence
-Social or cognitive deficits
Risk Factors Related to Violence: Family - CORRECT ANSWER -Authoritarian
parenting style
-Inconsistent or harsh discipline
-Low parental involvement
-Low parental income & education level
-Dysfunctional family functioning
Risk Factors Related to Violence: Community - CORRECT ANSWER -Gang
involvement
-Social rejection
-Lack of economic opportunities
-Neighborhood poverty
-High level of transient people
-Low community participation
-Low school support
-High density of alcohol outlets
Protective Factors Related to Violence: Individual - CORRECT ANSWER -Positive
social behaviors
-High IQ & academic achievement
-Religious beliefs
-High-level planning skills
Protective Factors Related to Violence: Family - CORRECT ANSWER -Family
connections
-Open communication style
-Shared family activities
-Consistent parental presence
-Constructive coping mechanisms
, Protective Factors Related to Violence: Community - CORRECT ANSWER -Close
peers
-Community activities
-Stable housing
-Community support of schools
Sexual Violence - CORRECT ANSWER -sexual activity without freely given consent
-considered a public health emergency
• impacts people of all ages, races, genders, & sexual orientations
->1/3 women experienced sexual violence involving physical contact during lifetime
-Nearly 1/4 men experienced sexual violence involving physical contact during lifetime
-estimated lifetime cost of rape is $122,461 per victim
Child sexual abuse - CORRECT ANSWER -victim is under 18 years old and does not
consent or is unable to give consent to sexual activity
• touching, penetration, exposure, voyeurism, or child pornography
-Approx. 1/10 have experienced sexual abuse before age 18
• 60% of abuse victims do not tell anyone
-Approx. 93% of victims under age 18 know their abuser
Consequences of Child Sexual Abuse - CORRECT ANSWER -Physical
• genital injury
• bruising
• sexually transmitted infections
• pregnancy
• reproductive problems
-Psychological
• anxiety
• depression
• PTSD
• suicidal thoughts
• increased substance use
• risky sexual behaviors
-Sexual trauma
• may impact ability to maintain relationships & employment
-Victims of sexual violence
• more likely to experience future sexual violence
Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse - CORRECT ANSWER -vary in gender, marital
status, ethnicity, sexual orientation, & economic status
• majority male
-exhibit poor information processing & social skills, loneliness, & feelings of inadequacy
-many experienced exposures to sexually explicit material or behavior at an early age
-may have experienced child sexual abuse themselves
Latest Edition With Detailed Question And Accurate
Answers A+ Graded Verified And Passed
What happens in the brain during a potentially traumatic event - CORRECT ANSWER -
brain stem is critical in fast, defensive responses. It's directly connected with the retina
• retina sends visual info to the brain stem immediately, before higher levels of brain are
even aware of threat.
-If predator moves closer, periaqueductal gray initiates a fight or flight response.
• periaqueductal gray activates the sympathetic nervous system
➣HR goes up, Blood flow to muscles increases, BP increases, Pupils dilate.
-Not always safe or possible to fight or escape.
• may enter the freeze response, or feigned death.
• periaqueductal gray activates the parasympathetic nervous system as well.
➣Muscles get tight & freeze, both gaze & breath may freeze, not cognitive choice
-"decisions" made at the level of the brain stem & nervous system
-Predator doesn't move away, the person may shutdown completely
• Hr. drops. RR drops. Some people stop breathing. Muscles become limp. Metabolism
shuts down. Endorphins released.
• person enters state of "no pain", no longer aware of their surroundings.
• During inescapable trauma, this is a very adaptive way for the brain and body to
respond.
Four Key Ways Collapse/Submit Can Present in a Client - CORRECT ANSWER 1.
Compliance / Obedience
2. Treatment-Resistant Depression
3. Interpersonal Conflict
4. Social Avoidance / Desire to Isolate
Brain-based approaches to trauma - CORRECT ANSWER -Top-down approaches
• Encourage different ways of thinking
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Dialectical-Behavior Therapy (DBT)
• Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
-Bottom-up approaches
• Ways to cope with emotions & defenses
• Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
• Yoga
• Trauma Resiliency Model (TRM)
CDC has declared violence in the United States: - CORRECT ANSWER an urgent
public health concern affecting people in all stages of life
,Violence - CORRECT ANSWER -extreme form of aggression
• can lead to trauma & lifetime of psychological, physical, & economic burdens for
individuals, families, & communities
What Happens When People Experience Violence or Trauma - CORRECT ANSWER
polyvagal theory
-nervous system attempts to regulate a traumatic event by activating the social
engagement system using relational cues
• facial expressions, vocalizations, & language
-social engagement system can only be activated when in is within their window of
tolerance & views the threat as manageable given their skills and resources.
• when client perceives trauma or threat as unmanageable, they leave their window of
tolerance & nervous system moves into a state of defense
➣triggering a sympathetic or dorsal vagal response
➣sympathetic state can lead to fear, panic, and irritation, while the dorsal vagal
response can lead to a collapse/shutdown response
Nervous System's Response to Trauma - CORRECT ANSWER -polyvagal theory
• nervous system has three pathways, each designed to protect you:
➣ventral vagal
➣sympathetic pathway
➣dorsal vagal pathway
-ventral vagal
• nervous system's optimal state
• state from which we can engage socially, and connect and co-regulate with others
• we often feel more calm, curious, grounded, and safe
-sympathetic pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to mobilize into a fight or flight response, or an
attach/cry-for-help response
• we might feel fear, panic, irritation, anger, or even rage
-dorsal vagal pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to immobilize into a collapse/shutdown response
• we may feel numb, depressed, ashamed, hopeless, or lethargic
• We may dissociate
polyvagal theory: ventral vagal - CORRECT ANSWER -ventral vagal
• nervous system's optimal state
• state from which we can engage socially, and connect and co-regulate with others
• we often feel more calm, curious, grounded, and safe
polyvagal theory: sympathetic pathway - CORRECT ANSWER -sympathetic pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to mobilize into a fight or flight response, or an
attach/cry-for-help response
,• we might feel fear, panic, irritation, anger, or even rage
polyvagal theory: dorsal vagal pathway - CORRECT ANSWER -dorsal vagal pathway
• defensive pathway that gets the body to immobilize into a collapse/shutdown response
• we may feel numb, depressed, ashamed, hopeless, or lethargic
• We may dissociate
Risk Factors Related to Violence: Individual - CORRECT ANSWER -History of
victimization
-ADHD or learning disorders
-Substance use
-Low intelligence
-Emotional distress
-Exposure to family violence
-Social or cognitive deficits
Risk Factors Related to Violence: Family - CORRECT ANSWER -Authoritarian
parenting style
-Inconsistent or harsh discipline
-Low parental involvement
-Low parental income & education level
-Dysfunctional family functioning
Risk Factors Related to Violence: Community - CORRECT ANSWER -Gang
involvement
-Social rejection
-Lack of economic opportunities
-Neighborhood poverty
-High level of transient people
-Low community participation
-Low school support
-High density of alcohol outlets
Protective Factors Related to Violence: Individual - CORRECT ANSWER -Positive
social behaviors
-High IQ & academic achievement
-Religious beliefs
-High-level planning skills
Protective Factors Related to Violence: Family - CORRECT ANSWER -Family
connections
-Open communication style
-Shared family activities
-Consistent parental presence
-Constructive coping mechanisms
, Protective Factors Related to Violence: Community - CORRECT ANSWER -Close
peers
-Community activities
-Stable housing
-Community support of schools
Sexual Violence - CORRECT ANSWER -sexual activity without freely given consent
-considered a public health emergency
• impacts people of all ages, races, genders, & sexual orientations
->1/3 women experienced sexual violence involving physical contact during lifetime
-Nearly 1/4 men experienced sexual violence involving physical contact during lifetime
-estimated lifetime cost of rape is $122,461 per victim
Child sexual abuse - CORRECT ANSWER -victim is under 18 years old and does not
consent or is unable to give consent to sexual activity
• touching, penetration, exposure, voyeurism, or child pornography
-Approx. 1/10 have experienced sexual abuse before age 18
• 60% of abuse victims do not tell anyone
-Approx. 93% of victims under age 18 know their abuser
Consequences of Child Sexual Abuse - CORRECT ANSWER -Physical
• genital injury
• bruising
• sexually transmitted infections
• pregnancy
• reproductive problems
-Psychological
• anxiety
• depression
• PTSD
• suicidal thoughts
• increased substance use
• risky sexual behaviors
-Sexual trauma
• may impact ability to maintain relationships & employment
-Victims of sexual violence
• more likely to experience future sexual violence
Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse - CORRECT ANSWER -vary in gender, marital
status, ethnicity, sexual orientation, & economic status
• majority male
-exhibit poor information processing & social skills, loneliness, & feelings of inadequacy
-many experienced exposures to sexually explicit material or behavior at an early age
-may have experienced child sexual abuse themselves
