Physical Agents Test 3 Questions & Answers

Number of cycles or pulses per second (how fast the pulses come) and is measured in Hertz (Hz), PPS, Beat or Rate: A. AmplitudeCurrent flow B. Duty Cycle C. Frequency D. Ramp - ANSWERSC. Frequency In which type of Electrical Stimulation (ES) below must 4 electrodes (2 channels) be placed in a crossed pattern: - ANSWERSInterferential Current (IFC) Parameter for setting the electrical stimulation to be constant or to turn on and off: A. Amplitude B. Duty Cycle C. Frequency D. Ramp - ANSWERSB. Duty Cycle To increase the depth of penetration of current A. Decrease current amplitude of the stimulation B. Decrease pulse frequency on the unit C. Increase distance between electrodes D. Increase ramp-up time to delivery of stimulation - ANSWERSC. Increase the distance between the electrodes Which of the following is a precaution for the use of ESTM? A. Arterial Thrombosis B. Malignant Tumor C. Trunk during pregnancy D. Unstable arrhythmia - ANSWERSB. Malignant Tumor ESTIM will elicit sensations in what order? A. Noxious, motor, sensory, sub-sensory B. Noxious, sub-sensory, motor, sensory C. Sensory, sub-sensory, motor, noxious D. Sub-sensory, sensory, motor, noxious - ANSWERSD. Sub-sensory, sensory, motor, noxious For which treatment goal below would neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) be LEAST appropriate? A. Acute pain management B. Edema reduction C. Increasing muscle strength D. Relaxation of muscle spasm - ANSWERSA. Acute pain management "Magnitude of current or voltage" (how strongly the patient feels the stimulation): A. amplitude B. frequency C. pulse duration D. polarity - ANSWERSA. Amplitude Opposition to the flow of electricity in biologic tissues? A. Adaptation B. Chronaxie C. Impedence D. Phoresis - ANSWERSC. Impedance Sensory electrical stimulation parameters are used based on the ____________ that pain is modulated at the spinal cord level by inhibitory effects of non-noxious afferent input. - ANSWERSGate-Control Theory Which choice below is considered a contraindication for electrical stimulation? A. Areas of skin irritation B. Demand pacemaker C. Scars in the treatment area D. Tenderness to palpation - ANSWERSB. Demand Pacemaker What does the term "modulation" refer to on an electrical stimulation unit, and why might the PTA choose it? A. Ability to modify intensity, and it is used to adjust the strength of the stimulus B. Ability to prevent line leakage of electrical current C. Ability to vary one or more of the parameters over time, and it may help to decrease adaptation to the current D. Ability to vary whether or not both channels are operating at the same time or not, and it is useful when agonist/antagonist protocols are part of the treatment intervention - ANSWERSC. Ability to vary one or more of the parameters over time, and it may help to decrease adaptation to the current If the PTA modulates the amplitude the patient should be instructed that he or she will feel? A. The sensation comes in brief spurts during the treatment B. The sensation alternates between feeling stronger and weaker C. The sensation alternates between feeling faster and slower D. The sensation goes on and off throughout the treatment - ANSWERSB. The sensation alternates between feeling stronger and weaker True/False When applying neuromuscular electrical stimulation for muscle strengthening or re-eduction the stimulation should be on longer than it is off throughout the application - ANSWERSFalse Concentration of the current under an electrode A. Current Density B. Interpulse interval C. Phase D. Resistance - ANSWERSA. Current Density What frequency/pulse duration combination would be best to stimulate motor nerves? A. High frequency, wide width B. High frequency, narrow width C. Low frequency, wide width D. Low frequency, narrow width - ANSWERSC. Low frequency, wide width Which type of electrical stimulation uses a hand-held switch or foot plate to facilitate dorsiflexion with ambulation: A. Functional electrical stimulation B. High volt pulsed current C. Iontophoresis D. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - ANSWERSA. Functional electrical stimulation Larger, fast-twitch type II fibers activated first - Strong force contractions - Fatigue rapidly - ANSWERSElectrically stimulated muscle contraction Smaller, slow-twitch type I fiber activated first - Lower force contractions - More resistant to fatigue - ANSWERSPhysiologically induced muscle contraction Pulse duration of ______ is used for small muscles and _____ used for large muscles? A. 40-100/ µs/ 80-120 µs B. 80-120 µs/40-100 µs C. 125-200 µs/200-350 µs D. 200-350 µs/125-200 µs - ANSWERSC. 125-200 µs/200-350 µs To move from sensory level stimulation to motor level stimulation, the PTA would need to increase ______ and decrease ________. A. Duty cycle/Intensity B. Frequency/ Pulse duration C. Intensity/Duty cycle D.Pulse duration/Frequency - ANSWERSD. Pulse duration/Frequency