Biology 1402 Dr. Held Exam 1
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1. Evolution: Change in the frequency of traits in a population.
2. Natural Selection: Cause of the change in evolution.I'm
3. Adaption: Increase in fitness of population to it's environment
4. Heritable Variation: Trait which is capable of being inherited and selected
5. DNA: The genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents; a dou-
ble-stranded helical macromolecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with de-
oxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G),
and thymine (T).
6. genetic information: Details of one's genetics
7. latitude: horizontal distance
8. climate: weather
9. tropics: surrounds equater
10. temperate zones: between arctic circle and tropic of cancer
11. prevailing winds: blow in one direction
12. rain shadow: dry side of mountain
13. Biome: Community of species that has adapted to a particular region.
14. Element: A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical means. Scientists recognize 92 occurring in nature.
15. Compound: A substance containing two or more elements; NaCl (salt)
16. Atom: Smallest particle of an element. Can NOT subdivide.
17. Molecule: A particle in a compound.
18. Proton: A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the
nucleus of an atom.
19. Neutron: no charge particle;found in nucleus
20. atomic nucleus: atom core; has protons & neutrons;holds the DNA
21. Electron: A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge. One or
more move around the nucleus of an atom.
22. Nucleus: An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
23. Isotopes: Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons;
some are radioactive.
24. Isomers: Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures and, therefore, different properties.
25. Ion: An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring an electrical charge. Atom with a net positive or negative charge.
26. Orbital: "Cloud" occupied by an electron; shaped like a sphere or dumbbell
27. inert element: elements on the periodic table where the outer electron shell is
full to capacity. (He, Ne, Ar..)
28. Electron level (shell): level of electron at an average distance from nucleus
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, Biology 1402 Dr. Held Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dafypz
29. Ionic Bond: An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The
electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together.
30. Covalent Bond: An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of
outer-shell electrons; symbolized by single line between the atoms
31. Hydrogen Bond: A type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially
positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one molecule
is attracted to the partially negative atom participating in a polar covalent bond
in another molecule (or in another part of the same macromolecule). -Attraction
between a hydrogen atom and another atom that has a partial negative charge.-
32. Polar Covalent Bond: An attraction between atoms that share electrons un-
equally because the atoms differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled
closer to the more electronegative atom, making it partially negative and the other
atom partially positive.
33. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: An attraction between atoms that share one or
more pairs of electrons equally because the atoms have similar electronegativity.
34. Organic Compound: A chemical compound containing the element carbon
35. Hydrocarbon: A chemical compound composed only of the elements carbon
and hydrogen.
36. inorganic compound: atom with no carbon
37. Hydrophillic: "Water-loving"; pertaining to polar, or charged, molecules (or parts
of molecules) that are soluble in water. (NaCl)
38. Hydrophobic: "Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of
molecules) that do not dissolve in water. (Oils, Lipids)
39. Functional Group: An assemblage of atoms that forms the chemically reactive
part of an organic molecule. (groups of atoms that react in different ways)
40. "R" group: any group with a carbon or hydrogen attached
41. Hydroxyl Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a
hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom.
42. Carbonyl Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a
carbon atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom.
43. Carboxyl Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of an
oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl
group.
44. Amino Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a nitro-
gen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
45. Phosphate Group: A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom cova-
lently bonded to four oxygen atoms.
46. Macromolecule: A giant molecule in a living organism; a protein, carbohydrate,
lipid, or nucleic acid.
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Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dafypz
1. Evolution: Change in the frequency of traits in a population.
2. Natural Selection: Cause of the change in evolution.I'm
3. Adaption: Increase in fitness of population to it's environment
4. Heritable Variation: Trait which is capable of being inherited and selected
5. DNA: The genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents; a dou-
ble-stranded helical macromolecule consisting of nucleotide monomers with de-
oxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G),
and thymine (T).
6. genetic information: Details of one's genetics
7. latitude: horizontal distance
8. climate: weather
9. tropics: surrounds equater
10. temperate zones: between arctic circle and tropic of cancer
11. prevailing winds: blow in one direction
12. rain shadow: dry side of mountain
13. Biome: Community of species that has adapted to a particular region.
14. Element: A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by
chemical means. Scientists recognize 92 occurring in nature.
15. Compound: A substance containing two or more elements; NaCl (salt)
16. Atom: Smallest particle of an element. Can NOT subdivide.
17. Molecule: A particle in a compound.
18. Proton: A subatomic particle with a single positive electrical charge, found in the
nucleus of an atom.
19. Neutron: no charge particle;found in nucleus
20. atomic nucleus: atom core; has protons & neutrons;holds the DNA
21. Electron: A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge. One or
more move around the nucleus of an atom.
22. Nucleus: An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons.
23. Isotopes: Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons;
some are radioactive.
24. Isomers: Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different
structures and, therefore, different properties.
25. Ion: An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus
acquiring an electrical charge. Atom with a net positive or negative charge.
26. Orbital: "Cloud" occupied by an electron; shaped like a sphere or dumbbell
27. inert element: elements on the periodic table where the outer electron shell is
full to capacity. (He, Ne, Ar..)
28. Electron level (shell): level of electron at an average distance from nucleus
1/8
, Biology 1402 Dr. Held Exam 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_dafypz
29. Ionic Bond: An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The
electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together.
30. Covalent Bond: An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of
outer-shell electrons; symbolized by single line between the atoms
31. Hydrogen Bond: A type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially
positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one molecule
is attracted to the partially negative atom participating in a polar covalent bond
in another molecule (or in another part of the same macromolecule). -Attraction
between a hydrogen atom and another atom that has a partial negative charge.-
32. Polar Covalent Bond: An attraction between atoms that share electrons un-
equally because the atoms differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled
closer to the more electronegative atom, making it partially negative and the other
atom partially positive.
33. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds: An attraction between atoms that share one or
more pairs of electrons equally because the atoms have similar electronegativity.
34. Organic Compound: A chemical compound containing the element carbon
35. Hydrocarbon: A chemical compound composed only of the elements carbon
and hydrogen.
36. inorganic compound: atom with no carbon
37. Hydrophillic: "Water-loving"; pertaining to polar, or charged, molecules (or parts
of molecules) that are soluble in water. (NaCl)
38. Hydrophobic: "Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of
molecules) that do not dissolve in water. (Oils, Lipids)
39. Functional Group: An assemblage of atoms that forms the chemically reactive
part of an organic molecule. (groups of atoms that react in different ways)
40. "R" group: any group with a carbon or hydrogen attached
41. Hydroxyl Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a
hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom.
42. Carbonyl Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a
carbon atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom.
43. Carboxyl Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of an
oxygen atom double-bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to a hydroxyl
group.
44. Amino Group: In an organic molecule, a functional group consisting of a nitro-
gen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
45. Phosphate Group: A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom cova-
lently bonded to four oxygen atoms.
46. Macromolecule: A giant molecule in a living organism; a protein, carbohydrate,
lipid, or nucleic acid.
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