MCB 150 Exam 1 Mastering Questions
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1. For prokaryotic cells, which statement is correct concerning how the struc-
ture of a particular cell component correlates with its function?: The cell wall
is a tough, fibrous layer that protects the cell and gives it shape and rigidity.
2. In lateral gene transfer, genes are ______.: moved from one species to another
3. Which character separates bacteria from archaea?: bacteria have peptidogly-
can in their cell wall.
4. What does it mean to say that prokaryotic organisms have "compact"
genomes, relative to eukaryotic genomes?: The ratios between their number of
genes and their genome sizes are generally larger than in eukaryotes.
5. If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100, the volume of that
cell will: increase by a factor of 1000.
6. Which one of the following is a tenet of the Cell Theory?: - all cells come from
pre-existing cells
- all organisms are composed of cells
- cells are the fundamental units of life
7. Which of the following statements about archae is correct?: - archaea share
similar structural features with bacteria, but are not bacteria
- archaea share similar biochemical features with eukaryotes but are not eukaryotes
8. _____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.-
: Fimbriae
9. What is a function of a bacterium's capsule?: protection
10. The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter
_____.: D (nucleoid region)
11. Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?: nucleoid region
(bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region)
12. In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?: ribosomes
(ribosomes are involved in manufacture of polypeptides [proteins])
13. What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma mem-
brane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?: cell wall
14. The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing
nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.: plasma membrane (is
selectively permeable)
15. The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this
bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.: C (plasma membrane)
, MCB 150 Exam 1 Mastering Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7370ny
16. For eukaryotic cells, which answer best describes the function of the
indicated component?: peroxisome: detox center
17. What is another name for a condensation reaction?: dehydration (removal of
water molecule during monomer linkage)
18. What is the name of the process during which a bond between two
monomers is broken?: hydrolysis (opposite of condensation reaction; H is added
to 1 monomer and the OH is added to the other)
19. Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers.: nucleotide
20. Carbohydrate polymers are made up of __________ monomers.: simple
sugar (monosaccharide)
21. Protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers.: amino acid
22. Which polymers are composed of amino acids?: proteins
23. Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an
amino acid?
oxygen
carboxyl group
amino group
a side chain ("R group"): oxygen (central carbon atom is bonded to an amino
functional group, carboxyl functional group, a side chain, and a hydrogen)
24. Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?: carboxyl functional group
(contains 2 oxygen atoms that tend to pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom,
so this group tends to lose a proton and is acidic)
25. Which monomers make up RNA?: nucleotides
26. Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides
from amino acids is true?: a bond forms between the carboxyl functional group
of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid.
27. True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reac-
tions.: true (enzymes in the digestive tract break down food molecules, which is a
process that occurs by hydrolysis)
28. Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's
DNA.: C (the nucleus)
29. Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?: mitochondrion
(converts the chemical energy of organic molecules to chemical energy in the form
ATP)
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7370ny
1. For prokaryotic cells, which statement is correct concerning how the struc-
ture of a particular cell component correlates with its function?: The cell wall
is a tough, fibrous layer that protects the cell and gives it shape and rigidity.
2. In lateral gene transfer, genes are ______.: moved from one species to another
3. Which character separates bacteria from archaea?: bacteria have peptidogly-
can in their cell wall.
4. What does it mean to say that prokaryotic organisms have "compact"
genomes, relative to eukaryotic genomes?: The ratios between their number of
genes and their genome sizes are generally larger than in eukaryotes.
5. If the surface area of a cell increases by a factor of 100, the volume of that
cell will: increase by a factor of 1000.
6. Which one of the following is a tenet of the Cell Theory?: - all cells come from
pre-existing cells
- all organisms are composed of cells
- cells are the fundamental units of life
7. Which of the following statements about archae is correct?: - archaea share
similar structural features with bacteria, but are not bacteria
- archaea share similar biochemical features with eukaryotes but are not eukaryotes
8. _____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface.-
: Fimbriae
9. What is a function of a bacterium's capsule?: protection
10. The DNA-containing region of this bacterial cell is indicated by the letter
_____.: D (nucleoid region)
11. Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found?: nucleoid region
(bacteria lack a nucleus; their DNA is found in the nucleoid region)
12. In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized?: ribosomes
(ribosomes are involved in manufacture of polypeptides [proteins])
13. What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma mem-
brane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell?: cell wall
14. The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing
nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell.: plasma membrane (is
selectively permeable)
15. The structure that regulates the passage of material into and out of this
bacterial cell is indicated by the letter _____.: C (plasma membrane)
, MCB 150 Exam 1 Mastering Questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7370ny
16. For eukaryotic cells, which answer best describes the function of the
indicated component?: peroxisome: detox center
17. What is another name for a condensation reaction?: dehydration (removal of
water molecule during monomer linkage)
18. What is the name of the process during which a bond between two
monomers is broken?: hydrolysis (opposite of condensation reaction; H is added
to 1 monomer and the OH is added to the other)
19. Nucleic acid polymers are made up of ______ monomers.: nucleotide
20. Carbohydrate polymers are made up of __________ monomers.: simple
sugar (monosaccharide)
21. Protein polymers are made up of _____ monomers.: amino acid
22. Which polymers are composed of amino acids?: proteins
23. Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an
amino acid?
oxygen
carboxyl group
amino group
a side chain ("R group"): oxygen (central carbon atom is bonded to an amino
functional group, carboxyl functional group, a side chain, and a hydrogen)
24. Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?: carboxyl functional group
(contains 2 oxygen atoms that tend to pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom,
so this group tends to lose a proton and is acidic)
25. Which monomers make up RNA?: nucleotides
26. Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides
from amino acids is true?: a bond forms between the carboxyl functional group
of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid.
27. True or false? Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reac-
tions.: true (enzymes in the digestive tract break down food molecules, which is a
process that occurs by hydrolysis)
28. Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's
DNA.: C (the nucleus)
29. Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration?: mitochondrion
(converts the chemical energy of organic molecules to chemical energy in the form
ATP)
