BIO 1402 Exam 1
1. evolution: a CHANGE in the frequency of traits in the population
2. natural selection: the CAUSE in the frequency of trials in the population (ex:
bird eating yellow beetle)
3. adaption: an increase in the fitness of the population to its environment
4. heritable variations: a TRAIT that can be selected (ex: colors of the beetles)
5. DNA*: A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up
the chromosome and is the heritable information information that is passed from
one generation to the next
6. genetic information*: information encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in
an individual's DNA that determines an organism's structures and functions
7. biome: habitats for groups of species, communities of species that live in
particular places on earth (ex: prairie dogs in Lubbock)
8. element: pure substances made of atoms
9. compound: are made of molecules, which contain more than one atom per
molecule
10. atom: the smallest unit of matter, is an indivisible unit of matter that still retains
the properties of an element coming from two greek word roots "a" = not and
"tom" = to cut
11. molecule: neutral particles made of two or more atoms bonded together
12. proton: positively charged particle that can be packed tightly into the nucleus
13. neutron: no charge, are neutral can be packed tightly into the nucleus
14. electron: carries one unit of negative charge and revolve around the nucleus
following orbitals like planets revolve around the sun CANNOT be packed into
the nucleus due to wave-like properties
15. atomic nucleus: Contains protons and neutrons and contains most of atoms
mass
16. isotope: atoms of the same elements that have different numbers of neutrons
17. isomer: molecules with the same atoms arranged differently
18. ion: an atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from a again or
loss of one or more electrons. they dissolve easily = hydrophilic
19. inert element: elements whose orbitals are full, they occupy the last column of
the periodic table
20. energy level (shell): Areas around the nucleus that contain electrons looks
like flowers within flowers
21. orbital: orbit or cloud occupied by an electron, shaped like a sphere or
dumbbell
, BIO 1402 Exam 1
22. ionic bond: medium in strength where there is an actual transfer of an
electron between atoms (simply a give and take, no sharing) one atoms donates
its electrons to the other, both acquire a net charge
23. covalent bond: a bond where the two atoms cooperate equally, involve the
sharing of a pair of electrons. these are the strongest amount the three types
of bonds
24. hydrogen bond: the bonds between positive hydrogen and negative oxygen
(weakest bond because of partial charges)
25. single bond: a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared
between two atoms
26. double bond: A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared
between two atoms. the overlap of two "p" orbitals instead of one - two
electrons are shared
27. polar bonds: a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally and
molecules dissolve easily = hydrophilic
28. non-polar bonds: a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
where molecules do not dissolve easily = hydrophobic
29. organic compounds: compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
30. inorganic compounds: A compound that does not contain the element
carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen.
31. hydrocarbon: molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
32. hydrophilic: compounds that are water loving and soluble in water
33. hydrophobic: fats and lipids are this as they don't dissolve in water
34. functional groups: A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to
the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions.
35. R group: a functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it
unique chemical properties
36. hydroxyl: oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen
37. carbonyl: carbon double bonded to an oxygen
38. carboxyl: a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded
to a hydroxyl group
39. amino group: a chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two
hydrogen atoms
40. phosphate group: A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded
to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.
1. evolution: a CHANGE in the frequency of traits in the population
2. natural selection: the CAUSE in the frequency of trials in the population (ex:
bird eating yellow beetle)
3. adaption: an increase in the fitness of the population to its environment
4. heritable variations: a TRAIT that can be selected (ex: colors of the beetles)
5. DNA*: A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up
the chromosome and is the heritable information information that is passed from
one generation to the next
6. genetic information*: information encoded in the sequences of nucleotides in
an individual's DNA that determines an organism's structures and functions
7. biome: habitats for groups of species, communities of species that live in
particular places on earth (ex: prairie dogs in Lubbock)
8. element: pure substances made of atoms
9. compound: are made of molecules, which contain more than one atom per
molecule
10. atom: the smallest unit of matter, is an indivisible unit of matter that still retains
the properties of an element coming from two greek word roots "a" = not and
"tom" = to cut
11. molecule: neutral particles made of two or more atoms bonded together
12. proton: positively charged particle that can be packed tightly into the nucleus
13. neutron: no charge, are neutral can be packed tightly into the nucleus
14. electron: carries one unit of negative charge and revolve around the nucleus
following orbitals like planets revolve around the sun CANNOT be packed into
the nucleus due to wave-like properties
15. atomic nucleus: Contains protons and neutrons and contains most of atoms
mass
16. isotope: atoms of the same elements that have different numbers of neutrons
17. isomer: molecules with the same atoms arranged differently
18. ion: an atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from a again or
loss of one or more electrons. they dissolve easily = hydrophilic
19. inert element: elements whose orbitals are full, they occupy the last column of
the periodic table
20. energy level (shell): Areas around the nucleus that contain electrons looks
like flowers within flowers
21. orbital: orbit or cloud occupied by an electron, shaped like a sphere or
dumbbell
, BIO 1402 Exam 1
22. ionic bond: medium in strength where there is an actual transfer of an
electron between atoms (simply a give and take, no sharing) one atoms donates
its electrons to the other, both acquire a net charge
23. covalent bond: a bond where the two atoms cooperate equally, involve the
sharing of a pair of electrons. these are the strongest amount the three types
of bonds
24. hydrogen bond: the bonds between positive hydrogen and negative oxygen
(weakest bond because of partial charges)
25. single bond: a covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared
between two atoms
26. double bond: A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared
between two atoms. the overlap of two "p" orbitals instead of one - two
electrons are shared
27. polar bonds: a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally and
molecules dissolve easily = hydrophilic
28. non-polar bonds: a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
where molecules do not dissolve easily = hydrophobic
29. organic compounds: compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
30. inorganic compounds: A compound that does not contain the element
carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen.
31. hydrocarbon: molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
32. hydrophilic: compounds that are water loving and soluble in water
33. hydrophobic: fats and lipids are this as they don't dissolve in water
34. functional groups: A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to
the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions.
35. R group: a functional group that defines a particular amino acid and gives it
unique chemical properties
36. hydroxyl: oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen
37. carbonyl: carbon double bonded to an oxygen
38. carboxyl: a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded
to a hydroxyl group
39. amino group: a chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two
hydrogen atoms
40. phosphate group: A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded
to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.
