Biology B Final Exam
What are recessive genetic disorders? Give 4 Examples - correct answer -Occurs when the individual is
homozygous recessive for the trait. Cystic Fibrosis, Albinism, Galactosemia, Tay-Sachs
What are dominant genetic disorders? Give 2 Examples. - correct answer -Disorders caused by dominant
alleles. Huntington's, Achondroplasia
What is a pedigree? What are common symbols used? - correct answer -Diagram that traces the
inheritance of a trait through generations. Circles, Squares, Halves
What is incomplete dominance? Example? - correct answer -When the heterozygous phenotype is an
intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. Snapdragon Plants
What is codominance? - correct answer -When both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition.
Sickle Cell Disease
What is the difference between a sex chromosome (gamete) and an autosome? - correct answer -Sex
Chromosomes determine the individuals gender. The other 22 pairs are bodily chromosomes
What are sex-linked traits? Give 2 Examples. - correct answer -They are X-linked Traits, passed on by
females to males. Colorblindness, Hemophilia
What is a Karyotype? What kinds of disorders can be detected? - correct answer -A micrograph of the
pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size. They detect monosomy and trisomy
disorders
What are the ABO blood groups? What is codominance? Which blood types are dominant, codominant,
and recessive? What does RH value stand for and mean? - correct answer -ABO blood groups have three
forms of alleles. AB = Codominant. A and B = Dominant. O = Recessive. RH Factor is a blood protein, Rh+
is Dominant.
, Describe homozygous dominance, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous? - correct answer -
Homozygous Dominant = AA
Homozygous Recessive = aa
Heterozygous = Aa
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype? - correct answer -The genotype represents
the genetic trait while the phenotype is the physical appearance of the trait
What is DNA composed of? What is RNA? Is DNA long or short stranded? - correct answer -DNA is
composed of nucleotides. RNA is Ribose Nucleic Acid. DNA is long stranded.
What makes up the parts of DNA? - correct answer -Deoxyribose, Phosphate Group, 1 of 4 Nitrogen
Bases
What is the shape of DNA? Is RNA single or double stranded? - correct answer -Double Helix. Single.
Draw and Label a Nucleotide. - correct answer -Phosphate Group—Sugar—Nitrogen Base
What is Chargaff's Rule? In DNA, what are the complimentary base pairs? What about in RNA? What
gets replaced? - correct answer -Amount of Adenine = Amount of Thymine
Amount of Cytosine = Amount of Guanine
Complimentary Base Pairs -
Purine=A=T
Pyrimidine=C=G
In RNA, Thymine is replaced with Uracil
What is the order of the Central Dogma? - correct answer -Transcription, Translation, Protein Synthesis
What happens during Transcription? Where in the cell does it take place? - correct answer -Makes an
mRNA copy of a strand of DNA in the nucleus. Happens in Nucleus.
mRNA created
What are recessive genetic disorders? Give 4 Examples - correct answer -Occurs when the individual is
homozygous recessive for the trait. Cystic Fibrosis, Albinism, Galactosemia, Tay-Sachs
What are dominant genetic disorders? Give 2 Examples. - correct answer -Disorders caused by dominant
alleles. Huntington's, Achondroplasia
What is a pedigree? What are common symbols used? - correct answer -Diagram that traces the
inheritance of a trait through generations. Circles, Squares, Halves
What is incomplete dominance? Example? - correct answer -When the heterozygous phenotype is an
intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes. Snapdragon Plants
What is codominance? - correct answer -When both alleles are expressed in the heterozygous condition.
Sickle Cell Disease
What is the difference between a sex chromosome (gamete) and an autosome? - correct answer -Sex
Chromosomes determine the individuals gender. The other 22 pairs are bodily chromosomes
What are sex-linked traits? Give 2 Examples. - correct answer -They are X-linked Traits, passed on by
females to males. Colorblindness, Hemophilia
What is a Karyotype? What kinds of disorders can be detected? - correct answer -A micrograph of the
pairs of homologous chromosomes arranged in decreasing size. They detect monosomy and trisomy
disorders
What are the ABO blood groups? What is codominance? Which blood types are dominant, codominant,
and recessive? What does RH value stand for and mean? - correct answer -ABO blood groups have three
forms of alleles. AB = Codominant. A and B = Dominant. O = Recessive. RH Factor is a blood protein, Rh+
is Dominant.
, Describe homozygous dominance, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous? - correct answer -
Homozygous Dominant = AA
Homozygous Recessive = aa
Heterozygous = Aa
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype? - correct answer -The genotype represents
the genetic trait while the phenotype is the physical appearance of the trait
What is DNA composed of? What is RNA? Is DNA long or short stranded? - correct answer -DNA is
composed of nucleotides. RNA is Ribose Nucleic Acid. DNA is long stranded.
What makes up the parts of DNA? - correct answer -Deoxyribose, Phosphate Group, 1 of 4 Nitrogen
Bases
What is the shape of DNA? Is RNA single or double stranded? - correct answer -Double Helix. Single.
Draw and Label a Nucleotide. - correct answer -Phosphate Group—Sugar—Nitrogen Base
What is Chargaff's Rule? In DNA, what are the complimentary base pairs? What about in RNA? What
gets replaced? - correct answer -Amount of Adenine = Amount of Thymine
Amount of Cytosine = Amount of Guanine
Complimentary Base Pairs -
Purine=A=T
Pyrimidine=C=G
In RNA, Thymine is replaced with Uracil
What is the order of the Central Dogma? - correct answer -Transcription, Translation, Protein Synthesis
What happens during Transcription? Where in the cell does it take place? - correct answer -Makes an
mRNA copy of a strand of DNA in the nucleus. Happens in Nucleus.
mRNA created
