Biology B Final Exam
Explain the purpose of DNA replication. - correct answer -The purpose is to produce two identical copies
of a DNA molecule.
The steps of DNA replication. - correct answer -1. An enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases
that hold the two strands together, which unzips the DNA
2. The DNA continues to unzip, nucleotides that are floating free into their base pair by hydrogen
bonding. Another enzyme bonds these nucleotides into a bond.
3. This continues until the entire molecule has been unzipped and replicated.
Where in the cell does DNA replication occur? - correct answer -This happens on the DNA strand.
Describe the functions of the 3 types of RNA. - correct answer -mRNA: This transcribes the genetic code
from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make protein then carries the genetic information
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell.
rRNA: This directs the translation of mRNA into proteins.
tRNA: This transfers amino acids to the ribosome that correspond to each three-nucleotide codon of
rRNA.
Where in the cell is RNA located and where are they synthesized? - correct answer -It is found in
cytoplasm and is synthesized in the nucleus.
Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA - correct answer -RNA is found in the cytoplasm, while DNA is
found in the nucleus. DNA has four nucleotides: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. RNA has four
nucleotides, but one is different: adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil.
Which nitrogen bases are found in DNA? In RNA? - correct answer -DNA: adenine, thymine, guanine, and
cytosine.
RNA: adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
, Which nitrogen bases form complementary pairs in DNA? In RNA? - correct answer -DNA: A=T G=C
RNA: A=U G=C
What is the purpose of transcription? Describe the steps involved and where in the cell it takes place. -
correct answer -Its use is to make RNA copies of individual genes that the cell can use in the
biochemistry.
1. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex. RNA polymerase binds.
2. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesizing a mRNA molecule.
3. Transcription is then terminated.
4. After transcription the RNA molecule is processed.
What is the purpose of translation? Describe the steps involved and wherein the cell it takes place. -
correct answer -This is the mature mRNA molecule is used as a template to assemble a series of amino
acids to produce a polypeptide with a specific amino acid sequence.
1. Initiation.
2. Elongation.
3. Termination.
4. Post-translation processing of the protein.
What does GCU on mRNA code for? What is the codon for tyrosine? - correct answer -Alanine. UAU &
UAC
What is a gene? - correct answer -a segment of DNA that controls the protein production and the cell
cycle.
What makes proteins different from one another? What determines which specific protein is to be
produced? - correct answer -What makes the proteins different from each other are the order in which
the amino acids are joined; the primary structure of the protein.
What are mutations? What kinds of effect can mutations have on an organism? - correct answer -This
occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by
that gene. Some have no effects, some have low effects, and some have big effects.
Explain the purpose of DNA replication. - correct answer -The purpose is to produce two identical copies
of a DNA molecule.
The steps of DNA replication. - correct answer -1. An enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases
that hold the two strands together, which unzips the DNA
2. The DNA continues to unzip, nucleotides that are floating free into their base pair by hydrogen
bonding. Another enzyme bonds these nucleotides into a bond.
3. This continues until the entire molecule has been unzipped and replicated.
Where in the cell does DNA replication occur? - correct answer -This happens on the DNA strand.
Describe the functions of the 3 types of RNA. - correct answer -mRNA: This transcribes the genetic code
from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make protein then carries the genetic information
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell.
rRNA: This directs the translation of mRNA into proteins.
tRNA: This transfers amino acids to the ribosome that correspond to each three-nucleotide codon of
rRNA.
Where in the cell is RNA located and where are they synthesized? - correct answer -It is found in
cytoplasm and is synthesized in the nucleus.
Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA - correct answer -RNA is found in the cytoplasm, while DNA is
found in the nucleus. DNA has four nucleotides: adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine. RNA has four
nucleotides, but one is different: adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil.
Which nitrogen bases are found in DNA? In RNA? - correct answer -DNA: adenine, thymine, guanine, and
cytosine.
RNA: adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
, Which nitrogen bases form complementary pairs in DNA? In RNA? - correct answer -DNA: A=T G=C
RNA: A=U G=C
What is the purpose of transcription? Describe the steps involved and where in the cell it takes place. -
correct answer -Its use is to make RNA copies of individual genes that the cell can use in the
biochemistry.
1. The DNA molecule unwinds and separates to form a small open complex. RNA polymerase binds.
2. RNA polymerase moves along the template strand, synthesizing a mRNA molecule.
3. Transcription is then terminated.
4. After transcription the RNA molecule is processed.
What is the purpose of translation? Describe the steps involved and wherein the cell it takes place. -
correct answer -This is the mature mRNA molecule is used as a template to assemble a series of amino
acids to produce a polypeptide with a specific amino acid sequence.
1. Initiation.
2. Elongation.
3. Termination.
4. Post-translation processing of the protein.
What does GCU on mRNA code for? What is the codon for tyrosine? - correct answer -Alanine. UAU &
UAC
What is a gene? - correct answer -a segment of DNA that controls the protein production and the cell
cycle.
What makes proteins different from one another? What determines which specific protein is to be
produced? - correct answer -What makes the proteins different from each other are the order in which
the amino acids are joined; the primary structure of the protein.
What are mutations? What kinds of effect can mutations have on an organism? - correct answer -This
occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by
that gene. Some have no effects, some have low effects, and some have big effects.
