How does predation differ from parasitism? - Answers Parasites rarely kill their host, while predators kill
their prey.
When fish are present in ponds, they consume the aquatic larvae of dragonflies. Adult dragonflies are
voracious predators of other flying insects, including various flies, bees, and butterflies. Flies, bees, and
butterflies pollinate a shrub called St. John's wort that grows around all the ponds.Knight predicted that
the presence or absence of fish would cause variation in the abundance of dragonflies, which might
influence the abundance of pollinators, thereby affecting the reproductive success of plants that depend
on those pollinators, such as St. John's wort. Her prediction took into account previous research that
had demonstrated the type of interactions that occur between the organisms in her study system.Drag
the pink labels to indicate which type of interaction occurs between each pair of species. Based on those
interactions, drag the blue labels to indicate the population changes Knight predicted for each sp -
Answers a. predation
b. predation
c. mutualism
d. goes down
e. goes up
f. goes up
g. goes up
h. goes down
i. goes down
Each graph below shows possible results from Knight's study. The different species are shown on the x
axis, and species abundance is shown on the y axis. Notice that for each species, there is a black bar for
the pond with fish, and a gray bar for the pond without fish.Match each description with the appropriate
graph.Remember that Knight's predictions were:Fish → Low dragonfly population → High insect
population → High St. John's wort populationNo fish → High dragonfly population → Low insect
population → Low St. John's wort population - Answers Graph 1: Strongly supported
Graph 2: Flaw in experimental setup
Graph 3: Dragonfly and insect supported, St. Johns Wort not supported
Graph 4: Dragonfly and insect not supported, St. Johns Wort supported
Graph 5: weakly supported
,Graph 6: Not supported at all
Suppose that you and your next door neighbor both have a small pond in your yard. Your pond is
surrounded by abundant St. John's wort, but your neighbor's pond is surrounded by very little St. John's
wort.
Based on what you learned from Knight's study, which of the following would be reasonable
explanations for why your pond has abundant St. John's wort and your neighbor's pond does not? Select
the four best answers - Answers Your neighbor has been using herbicides to manage vegetation near his
pond.
You have a bird house with dragonfly-eating birds near your pond.
Your neighbor's pond has a plant that competes with St. John's wort.
Your pond has 100 fish, and your neighbor's pond has 50 fish.
Autotrophs, at the base of the trophic pyramid, exist in greater numbers than organisms at higher levels
of the pyramid and also have greater stores of energy as well as greater __________. - Answers biomass
Lichen is often the first organism to appear in an area that has had all life stripped from it because of
some disturbance. What is lichen in this regard? - Answers pioneer species
Secondary succession ________. - Answers occurs after a fire or flood
A. What does the left y-axis of the graph represent?
B. What does the blue graph line represent?
C. After 20 years, what was the total number of bird species?
D. In which year was the density of birds greatest?
E. In which period did the number of species increase most rapidly?
F. What factor is most likely to have caused the change in the number of bird species that occurred
between years 30 and 60?
,G. Which of the following statements best describes the bird populations during the period from 100 to
160 years?
H. The climax, or final stage, of old-field succession is an oak-hickory forest, which is usually well
established after 160 years. What happens to the diversity of bird species after 160 years? - Answers A.
number of breeding pairs per 100 acres
B. number of species
C. 14
D. 105
E. 0-20yrs
F. increasing number of bird habitats
G. The number of species slowly increased, while the number of breeding pairs reached a peak and then
slowly declined.
H. answer cannot be determined by graph
A. In North America, which of the following climate zones fall within areas that primarily average
between 40 and 59 inches of precipitation annually or higher?
B. In North America, which of the following climate zones fall within areas that have mean January
temperatures of 15° to 17° Celsius (C) (59° to 62.6° Fahrenheit, or F)?
, C. San Francisco, CA is located at approximately 37.7° N while Wichita, KS is at 39.6.5° N. Which of the
following best describes the climate and mean January temperature for these two cities
D. In the Ethiopian Highlands of East Africa, the climate zone of humid subtropical winters and dry, hot-
to-warm summers is primarily associated with which of the following biomes? - Answers A. In North
America, which of the following climate zones fall within areas that primarily average between 40 and
59 inches of precipitation annually or higher?
B. Tropical, subtropical hot desert (BWh)
C. While San Francisco has a Mediterranean climate with mild winters, Wichita has a humid continental,
hot summer climate with cold winters averaging -5° to 0° C.
D. Montane grasslands and shrublands
What type of biome has been converted most frequently by humans for agricultural use? - Answers
Temperate grassland
A restoration ecologist may do all of the following EXCEPT: - Answers place levees in sensitive areas to
prevent seasonal flooding.
A. Suppose that a system has 5000 grasshoppers. How many hawks would be expected?
Suppose that a system has 5000 grasshoppers. How many hawks would be expected?
B. How is energy transferred from one trophic level to the next? - Answers A. 50
B. parasitism
predation
herbivory
Human activities, including fossil fuel combustion, farming, and deforestation, are known to increase
atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
Measurable warming of Earth due to these gases can alter ecosystem dynamics. In addition to the direct