Health Assessment HESI/FINAL EXAM
Comprehensive Questions and Answers
100% Accuracy |Updated 2025| 349
Questions and Correct Answers.
aneurysm
visible, prominent pulsation or dialation
diastole
ventricular relaxation, ventricular filling from atria.
erythema
redness of skin
murmur
harsh, blowing sounds caused by disruption of blood flow
myocardial ischemia
oxygen needs heightened so heart has to work harder
systole
ventricular contraction, blood leaves the ventricles to go to the lungs or body.
what is the pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
how many times is the sinoatrial node set to discharge per minute
60-100
if the heart rate is initiated in the atrioventricular node, how fast would the heart beat per minute
60
if the heart rate is initiated in the bundle branches, how fast would the heart beat per minute
30
what is the term used to describe a sudden droop in blood pressure that may occur when an older
client changes position from lying or sitting to standing
orthostatic hypotension
what two cultural groups are at the highest risk for hypertension
african americans, spanish (mexicans/cuban/filipino)
,dullness when percussing over the heart is
an abnormal finding that could indicate an enlarged heart.
the third heart sound (S3) is heard
immediately after S2.
S3= kentucky
the fourth heart sound (S4) is heard
immediately before S1
S4= there are 4 e's in tenessee
what is happening when S1 is heard?
tricuspid and mitral (AV) valves are closing. begins systole
what is happening when S2 is heard?
aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) valves are closing. end of systole and beginning of diastole.
when would the nurse hear S3
when AV (tricuspid & mitral) valves open, blood flow into ventricles may vibrate during mid-diastole,
termed ventricular gallop.
when would the nurse hear S4
before S1, termed atrial gallop.
what is the significance of S3
may indicate heart failure or fluid overload.
what is the significance of S4
may indicate hypertension or ventricular hypertrophy
at erb's point you can hear
S1 and S2 equally
at the aortic and pulmonic valves you can hear
S2
at the mitral valve you can hear
S1
(PMI)
aortic stenosis
murmur at aortic area. narrowing of the aortic valve. may be congenital or caused by atherosclerosis
, mitral stenosis
murmur heard at the apical area with the client in the left lateral position. possible causes is
rheumatic fever or cardiac infection.
ventricular hypertrophy
occurs due to pumping against high pressures
myocardial ishcemia
oxygen needs of the myocardium are not met as the heart works harder. may be caused by plaque
or blood clot. need to assess client for type of pain and associated factors including nausea,
epigastric pain, jaw or left shoulder pain.
pulmonary stenosis
narrowing of the opening between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. may have murmur
at pulmonic area and a thrill in the left second and third intercostal space.
congestive heart failure
caused by hearts inability to pump effectively
infective endocarditis
may see splinter hemorrhage of nail beds. caused by a bacterial infection to the lining of the heart
chanbers.
tricuspid stenosis
narrowing of the tricuspid valve. murmur over the tricuspid area
aortic regurgitation
back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. murmur with the client leaning forward.
may result in shortness of breath and fatigue.
left sided heart failure
results in pulmonary congestion, shortness of breath, and orthopnea. crackles may be heard on
auscultation.
cor pulmonale
complication of untreated heart failure. results in JVD, peripheral edema, fluid retention and weight
gain. may have clubbing.
mitral regurgitation
back flow of blood from left ventricle into left atrium. murmur at apex transmitted to left axillae.
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation can cause severe shortness of breath, pink frothy sputum, coarse crackles that do
not clear with cough, sense of doom.
myocardia infarction
Comprehensive Questions and Answers
100% Accuracy |Updated 2025| 349
Questions and Correct Answers.
aneurysm
visible, prominent pulsation or dialation
diastole
ventricular relaxation, ventricular filling from atria.
erythema
redness of skin
murmur
harsh, blowing sounds caused by disruption of blood flow
myocardial ischemia
oxygen needs heightened so heart has to work harder
systole
ventricular contraction, blood leaves the ventricles to go to the lungs or body.
what is the pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
how many times is the sinoatrial node set to discharge per minute
60-100
if the heart rate is initiated in the atrioventricular node, how fast would the heart beat per minute
60
if the heart rate is initiated in the bundle branches, how fast would the heart beat per minute
30
what is the term used to describe a sudden droop in blood pressure that may occur when an older
client changes position from lying or sitting to standing
orthostatic hypotension
what two cultural groups are at the highest risk for hypertension
african americans, spanish (mexicans/cuban/filipino)
,dullness when percussing over the heart is
an abnormal finding that could indicate an enlarged heart.
the third heart sound (S3) is heard
immediately after S2.
S3= kentucky
the fourth heart sound (S4) is heard
immediately before S1
S4= there are 4 e's in tenessee
what is happening when S1 is heard?
tricuspid and mitral (AV) valves are closing. begins systole
what is happening when S2 is heard?
aortic and pulmonic (semilunar) valves are closing. end of systole and beginning of diastole.
when would the nurse hear S3
when AV (tricuspid & mitral) valves open, blood flow into ventricles may vibrate during mid-diastole,
termed ventricular gallop.
when would the nurse hear S4
before S1, termed atrial gallop.
what is the significance of S3
may indicate heart failure or fluid overload.
what is the significance of S4
may indicate hypertension or ventricular hypertrophy
at erb's point you can hear
S1 and S2 equally
at the aortic and pulmonic valves you can hear
S2
at the mitral valve you can hear
S1
(PMI)
aortic stenosis
murmur at aortic area. narrowing of the aortic valve. may be congenital or caused by atherosclerosis
, mitral stenosis
murmur heard at the apical area with the client in the left lateral position. possible causes is
rheumatic fever or cardiac infection.
ventricular hypertrophy
occurs due to pumping against high pressures
myocardial ishcemia
oxygen needs of the myocardium are not met as the heart works harder. may be caused by plaque
or blood clot. need to assess client for type of pain and associated factors including nausea,
epigastric pain, jaw or left shoulder pain.
pulmonary stenosis
narrowing of the opening between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. may have murmur
at pulmonic area and a thrill in the left second and third intercostal space.
congestive heart failure
caused by hearts inability to pump effectively
infective endocarditis
may see splinter hemorrhage of nail beds. caused by a bacterial infection to the lining of the heart
chanbers.
tricuspid stenosis
narrowing of the tricuspid valve. murmur over the tricuspid area
aortic regurgitation
back flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. murmur with the client leaning forward.
may result in shortness of breath and fatigue.
left sided heart failure
results in pulmonary congestion, shortness of breath, and orthopnea. crackles may be heard on
auscultation.
cor pulmonale
complication of untreated heart failure. results in JVD, peripheral edema, fluid retention and weight
gain. may have clubbing.
mitral regurgitation
back flow of blood from left ventricle into left atrium. murmur at apex transmitted to left axillae.
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation can cause severe shortness of breath, pink frothy sputum, coarse crackles that do
not clear with cough, sense of doom.
myocardia infarction
