PATH 222 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
What can most likely lead to the development of hydronephrosis and atrophy of renal tissue in
urolithiasis?
a) build up of nidus in the kidneys
b) increase in osmotic pressure
c) infection from urinary stasis and tissue irritation
d) back pressure of urine behind the stone - (answer) d) back pressure of urine behind the stone
What causes calcium stones to form in the urine?
Select all that applies
a) increase uptake of food rich in sodium
b) hyperparathyroidism
c) atherosclerosis
d) hyperthyroidism
e) diet high in oxalate - (answer) b, e
What are some manifestations seen in patients with urolithiasis?
Select all that applies.
a) flank pain
b) potential increase in BUN & creatinine
c) renal colic
d) palpable enlarged kidney - (answer) a, c
(flank pain & renal colic)
Which of the following is true about hydronephrosis?
a) caused by kinking of the ureter (s)
b) renal colic usually occur
c) secondary to Acute pre-renal failure
d) it is irreversible - (answer) a) caused by kinking of the ureter (s)
,PATH 222 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
Prerenal ARF indirectly affects the kidney's tissue.
True or False?
Explain in detail how this takes place - (answer) True
- decreased blood flow & perfusion going to the kidneys
- GFR decreases
- if this prolongs = ATN & damage to the nephrons
(impacts the filtration and reabsorption function of the kidneys)
Which of the following can most likely cause Intrarenal ARF?
a) Hypovolemia
b) Tumor
c) Nephrotoxins
d) Ureteral obstruction - (answer) c) nephrotoxins
What can most likely cause Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?
Select all that applies.
a) nephrotoxins
b) untreated prostatic enlargement
c) glomerulonephritis
d) prolonged decrease in blood perfusion - (answer) a, c, d, (nephrotoxins, glomerulonephritis,
prolonged decrease in blood perfusion)
Which of the following NOT true on the Initiation phase of ARF?
a) there is only a few symptoms here
b) it is initiated by an event
c) starts when tubular injury occur
d) it is the first phase - (answer) c) starts when tubular injury occur x it ends here
, PATH 222 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
Mr. Bean is in the recovery phase of ARF. Which of the following would you expect to see? Select all that
applies.
a) hyperkalemia
b) high serum creatinine
c) oliguria
d) diuresis
e) decreased GFR - (answer) a, b, d (hyperkalemia, high serum creatinine, diuresis)
Mrs. Johnson is in stage 3 of Chronic Renal Failure. Which of the following will occur?
a) high levels of urea & creatinine in the blood
b) retention of fluids, electrolytes, and waste
c) decreased in erythropoiesis
d) osmotic diuresis - (answer) b) retention of fluids, electrolytes, and waste
What type of antibody does Type 1 Hypersensitivity (Allergic/Anaphylaxis) create?
a) IgE
b) IgG
c) IgM
d) IgD - (answer) a) IgE
Anaphylactic Shock is a local hypersensitivity reaction. True or false - (answer) False - it is a life
threatening SYSTEMIC hypersensitivity reaction
(List the effects)
What type of antibody does Type 2 Hypersensitivity Cytotoxic have?
a) IgE
DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
What can most likely lead to the development of hydronephrosis and atrophy of renal tissue in
urolithiasis?
a) build up of nidus in the kidneys
b) increase in osmotic pressure
c) infection from urinary stasis and tissue irritation
d) back pressure of urine behind the stone - (answer) d) back pressure of urine behind the stone
What causes calcium stones to form in the urine?
Select all that applies
a) increase uptake of food rich in sodium
b) hyperparathyroidism
c) atherosclerosis
d) hyperthyroidism
e) diet high in oxalate - (answer) b, e
What are some manifestations seen in patients with urolithiasis?
Select all that applies.
a) flank pain
b) potential increase in BUN & creatinine
c) renal colic
d) palpable enlarged kidney - (answer) a, c
(flank pain & renal colic)
Which of the following is true about hydronephrosis?
a) caused by kinking of the ureter (s)
b) renal colic usually occur
c) secondary to Acute pre-renal failure
d) it is irreversible - (answer) a) caused by kinking of the ureter (s)
,PATH 222 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
Prerenal ARF indirectly affects the kidney's tissue.
True or False?
Explain in detail how this takes place - (answer) True
- decreased blood flow & perfusion going to the kidneys
- GFR decreases
- if this prolongs = ATN & damage to the nephrons
(impacts the filtration and reabsorption function of the kidneys)
Which of the following can most likely cause Intrarenal ARF?
a) Hypovolemia
b) Tumor
c) Nephrotoxins
d) Ureteral obstruction - (answer) c) nephrotoxins
What can most likely cause Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)?
Select all that applies.
a) nephrotoxins
b) untreated prostatic enlargement
c) glomerulonephritis
d) prolonged decrease in blood perfusion - (answer) a, c, d, (nephrotoxins, glomerulonephritis,
prolonged decrease in blood perfusion)
Which of the following NOT true on the Initiation phase of ARF?
a) there is only a few symptoms here
b) it is initiated by an event
c) starts when tubular injury occur
d) it is the first phase - (answer) c) starts when tubular injury occur x it ends here
, PATH 222 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS VERIFIED
Mr. Bean is in the recovery phase of ARF. Which of the following would you expect to see? Select all that
applies.
a) hyperkalemia
b) high serum creatinine
c) oliguria
d) diuresis
e) decreased GFR - (answer) a, b, d (hyperkalemia, high serum creatinine, diuresis)
Mrs. Johnson is in stage 3 of Chronic Renal Failure. Which of the following will occur?
a) high levels of urea & creatinine in the blood
b) retention of fluids, electrolytes, and waste
c) decreased in erythropoiesis
d) osmotic diuresis - (answer) b) retention of fluids, electrolytes, and waste
What type of antibody does Type 1 Hypersensitivity (Allergic/Anaphylaxis) create?
a) IgE
b) IgG
c) IgM
d) IgD - (answer) a) IgE
Anaphylactic Shock is a local hypersensitivity reaction. True or false - (answer) False - it is a life
threatening SYSTEMIC hypersensitivity reaction
(List the effects)
What type of antibody does Type 2 Hypersensitivity Cytotoxic have?
a) IgE
